HPV (human papillomavirus vaccine) vaccine reservation market "yellow cattle" is active. Recently, Qing Liu (pseudonym), a citizen of Guangzhou, also saw relevant news in the circle of friends, "There are still a few 9-valent HPV vaccine appointments this week. Inoculation community: XX Community Hospital, Panyu District; Vaccine: 1331/ needle ×3 needles, paid at the community hospital, with an appointment service fee of 3,000 yuan, and paid at Noah’s clinic. "

　　In fact, there is no need to pay extra fees for booking vaccination through the official platform. However, due to the long-term shortage of nine-valent HPV vaccine, it is often "second light" after the number is released, and the huge market has also spawned a large number of "vaccine scalpers".

　　Recently, the reporter of national business daily called the Noah Medical Public Telephone Consultation mentioned above as a consumer. The other party said that the supply of 9-valent HPV vaccine in Guangzhou is tight at present, and only Panyu District has seedlings for the time being, but individuals can’t go to community hospitals. The secret lies in the "service fee". "If we make an appointment here, the community will also charge a certain fee, which is included in the reservation price of 3,000 yuan."

　　The reporter also noticed that the "vaccine scalpers" who provide the booking service are rampant on different social platforms. How can they use invisible hands to make profits in the state of "no seedlings" in community medical institutions? How does this gray interest chain around the nine-valent HPV vaccine move the rights and interests of the general public? Who should be responsible for the repeated violations of scalpers?

　　Some private hospitals call it "channel fee", which can be inoculated in community hospitals.

　　Qing Liu hasn’t grabbed the 9-valent HPV vaccine, but she is dubious about the "scalpers" in her circle of friends. According to the picture information sent by the intermediary in the circle of friends, Noah Medical can provide the "Zhenai Women’s Health Management Package" with 2 outpatient visits by gynecologists, 1 ultrasound examination and 1 tooth cleaning maintenance, and give an additional HPV9-valent vaccine (three needles) to make an appointment.

　　On February 23rd, the reporter of national business daily called the contact number on Noah’s medical publicity picture as a consumer, and the other party clearly stated that the supply of 9-valent HPV vaccine in Guangzhou is tight at present, and only Panyu District has seedlings for the time being. Noah’s medical can make an appointment in the community hospital on behalf of the consumer, and the corresponding appointment fee is 3,000 yuan, including three items with a total price of 2,000 yuan. If the appointment is successful, the consumer needs to pay the vaccine fee of 1,331 yuan/needle to the community hospital separately, and the total cost of 3 needles is 3,993 yuan.

　　In the introduction of employees, this service has no "gift" nature — — "In the past, the service fee for our 9-valent HPV vaccine was 3,000 yuan, but some customers felt that the price was more expensive before adjusting it to give away the rest of the items."

　　As if afraid that the reporter didn’t understand, the employee said again, "That is, we will help you to get vaccinated in a community hospital, and you have to pay the (vaccine) fee to the community hospital." When the reporter further asked which community he could go to for vaccination, the other party’s answer was vague, only revealing that one of the community health service centers had a relatively large supply.

　　However, when the reporter inquired about Guangdong official vaccine platform "Yuemiao" and WeChat official account, a community health service center in Panyu District, Guangzhou, he found that it was impossible to make an appointment. After the reporter called, he was told that the application qualification is free and the injection will be charged.

　　Since the community is "seedless", how do private hospitals make appointments? The aforementioned Noah medical staff said that there are very few nine-valent HPV vaccines now, and too many people make appointments. "I can’t make an appointment in a community hospital. If we make an appointment here, the community will have to charge a certain fee, which is included in the appointment price of 3,000 yuan."

　　When the reporter showed that the price was too high, the person said that if you want to enjoy the 9-priced HPV vaccine reservation service at a cheaper price, you can choose another package with a price of 2,500 yuan. The difference from the 3,000-yuan package lies in the different inspection items, but it is still very cost-effective compared with other options in the market.

　　What is the "channel fee" and whose pocket does it fall into? The person did not give a more detailed explanation, only reminded reporters, "Now you go to many institutions outside to make an appointment, and they say that you can get 3 shots, but you can’t guarantee that all 3 shots will be made on time, but we can guarantee it." It also asked reporters when they want to vaccinate, and they can choose the vaccination time relatively freely.

　　On the afternoon of February 24th, national business daily tried to interview Noah Medical, but as of press time, he didn’t get a reply.

　　On February 25th, the reporter called Noah’s medical consultation telephone again as a consumer, and the wiring staff also said that the reason why Noah could help make an appointment for customers was "to operate through institutional channels" and "to cooperate with community hospitals". "If some customers don’t want to pay the appointment fee, they can only queue up slowly by themselves, and there is no such priority (vaccination) service".

　　Alternative "intermediary": bundling medical examination packages

　　In addition to the "intermediary" like Noah Medical, some private medical institutions regard HPV vaccine as a "cash cow" for drainage.

　　In public medical institutions, the price of 9-valent HPV vaccine is 1,318 yuan/piece, and a total of 3,954 yuan is required for three doses. However, in many private hospitals, the vaccination of 9-valent HPV vaccine requires a medical examination package, and the total cost needs 5,000-6,000 yuan.

　　At the beginning of February, the chaos of bundling the "medical examination package" when private hospitals inoculated with the nine-valent HPV vaccine appeared on the hot search. On February 6th, the reporter of national business daily called Beijing Jiahe Women and Children Hospital (hereinafter referred to as "Jiahe Women and Children") for consultation as a consumer, and obtained the link of the nine-valent HPV vaccine medical examination package sent by employees.

　　At that time, the package price was 5680 yuan, of which only two were clearly marked, namely the price of 9-valent HPV vaccine was 3894 yuan (3 needles), and the vaccination fee was 75 yuan; The rest of the price comes from blood routine, urine routine, four items of kidney function, five items of blood lipid, eight items of liver function and four items of virus, and the service fee of gynecologists.

　　On February 6 th, Jiahe women and children 9-valent HPV vaccine physical examination package Image source: Jiahe women and children employees

　　When the reporter asked if the 9-price HPV vaccination service could be purchased separately, Jiahe women and children employees said that "the cost of three shots of vaccination alone (vaccine+vaccination fee+service fee) is 5469 yuan", which is not much different from the price of the bundled medical examination package.

　　On the same day, the reporter also randomly called Beijing Mingde Hospital, Beijing Wuzhou Women and Children Hospital and many other private hospitals that provided 9-priced HPV vaccination services on public comments, and found that these private hospitals can be roughly divided into two categories, one is represented by Jiahe women and children, and the package provided includes a number of medical examination items, and some said that "(other items) can be abandoned, but no refund can be made"; The other category, represented by Beijing Mingde Hospital, clearly indicates that the package price only includes the cost of 9-valent HPV vaccine, vaccination and service fees, and does not include other testing services.

　　In addition, some hospitals are similar to Noah Medical, and the package fee includes the appointment fee. The difference is that they also provide vaccination directly.

　　On February 23rd, the reporter of national business daily clicked on the package link of Jiahe women and children again. The original package content was replaced by the cost of 3 shots of vaccine, vaccination fee and doctor service fee. The total package price was 5369 yuan, but the items were not clearly marked.

　　The reporter’s search for "9-valent HPV vaccine" in the public comment also found that no longer merchants package and sell 9-valent HPV vaccine with other physical examination items, but the price of 3-needle vaccination is still between 5,000 yuan and 6,000 yuan, which is 50% more expensive than that of public hospitals.

　　Cracking the "yellow cattle" needs to start from two aspects: open source and supervision.

　　The contradiction between supply and demand of HPV vaccine has a long history. The data shows that the 9-valent HPV vaccine supplied by Merck to China is increasing every year. According to the semi-annual report of Zhifei Bio in 2022, in the first six months of last year, the number of 9-valent HPV vaccines issued by Merck was 9,298,700, a year-on-year increase of 379.34%.

　　However, according to the age range from 9 to 45, the number of women with HPV vaccine in China may exceed 300 million, and the gap between the vaccine that can be put on the market and the vaccination demand is very wide, and the number of people who can be vaccinated is less than 1% of the total. In addition, the production process of 9-valent HPV vaccine is complicated, and the production cycle takes four years, so it is difficult to keep up with the huge demand in China in a short time.

　　Earlier, some media reported that some citizens in Shanghai made an appointment for a 9-valent HPV vaccine and were told to wait for 3 to 5 years.

　　"It is a situation where there are not enough porridge, and there are less than 10 million in total. Some communities may have 10 branches and 8 branches a month, but the reservation platform is for the whole province, even if there is no ‘ Cattle ’ It is also a second light. " An industry insider familiar with the vaccine distribution mechanism told national business daily that the high demand for 9-valent HPV vaccine is just like the train ticket in Spring Festival travel rush, mainly due to the imbalance between supply and demand. As for why private hospitals seem to have more stocks, it is mainly because the price is expensive and there are relatively few people to vaccinate.

　　Because of this, some school-age women will choose high-priced services. According to the data of the first hour of the pre-sale of Tmall double 11 in 2022, the pre-sale amount of HPV vaccine reservation increased by over 600% year-on-year.

　　It is also the huge demand of young women for nine-valent vaccine that provides huge profit space for cattle. This situation has been reported in recent years, but why is it repeatedly banned? Where did the scalper exploit the loophole?

　　"Now I use the ID card to make an appointment with the APP, and the data is in the CDC. It is estimated that it is to prevent related households and scalpers." A doctor from a basic medical institution told the reporter of national business daily that the supply and demand of nine-valent vaccine in his area are relatively balanced, and all the people who want to fight can basically grab the number. The "yellow cattle" still exist in some places where vaccines are difficult to grab. The "channel fee" is basically the same as that of a 3-needle vaccine. The "scalper" is profitable and definitely willing to take risks. Some people don’t want to wait, but they are definitely willing to pay a high price to "go through the back door".

　　The doctor of another county-level hospital told reporters that the supply of 9-valent or even 4-valent vaccines in his area is in short supply. The hospital has received an appointment system before, but it has not been publicly launched because of the small number of vaccines. At present, it still continues the tradition of paper registration. The appointment only needs to leave the name and phone number. After the CDC issues the vaccine, the hospital will call the appointment person in the order of appointment to inform them to come to the hospital for vaccination.

　　It is not difficult to find that online data of this paper appointment and vaccination results are difficult to get through. Even if there is no appointment, as long as accurate identity information is input when vaccination, the vaccination information will also be synchronized to the vaccine platform developed by the Health and Health Commission, leaving more room for "yellow cattle".

　　The doctor also said that he had heard that some people were doing this business in big cities, but no one had done it in the county, "because there are too few seedlings."

　　The reporter of national business daily learned that many regions are exploring a more scientific, fair and open vaccine distribution mechanism. At present, most regions make an appointment to vaccinate HPV vaccine through APP, but users can only see whether each region has a number, and if they don’t grab the number, they have to wait for the next round. They don’t know how many vaccines can be grabbed or how many people are grabbing it.

　　At the "two sessions" in Shanghai in 2022, Chen Songju, a representative of the Municipal People’s Congress, suggested that the scientific management mechanism of HPV vaccination should be standardized, and the appointments of community vaccination clinics with various prices should be included in the "follow-the-bid" online platform, and personal review materials should be submitted online to generate an appointment demand list. At the same time, the progress can be checked, such as how many people are waiting in line and the estimated waiting time for vaccination. She also suggested that the development and investment of HPV vaccine should be increased, and the dosage and vaccination data of HPV vaccine in community clinics in this city should be regularly publicized.

　　Xu Tianyu from the College of Science and Technology of Jiangxi Normal University suggested that it is urgent to realize "vaccine freedom" from two aspects: "open source" and "supervision". On the one hand, the number of HPV vaccines needs to be increased. In addition to imported vaccines, the research and development of domestic HPV vaccines needs to be accelerated, so as to solve the dilemma of "one vaccine is hard to find" as soon as possible. On the other hand, the market supervision administration should standardize management, strictly investigate the source channels of vaccines and standardize the sales channels of vaccines. Only in this way can we break the interest chain of bundled sales.

On the morning of February 3rd, under the guidance of Sichuan Provincial Department of Commerce and sponsored by Meishan Municipal Bureau of Commerce and Dongpo District Government of Meishan City, "Weimei Sichuan Xiangpiao Dongpo" 2023 Meishan Food Activity and Meizhou Famous Chef Award Ceremony were held in Impression Water Street of Dongpo, Meishan, which also marked the official launch of 2023 Meishan Food Activity.

The event lasted from February 3rd to February 5th (Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month). During the event, hundreds of food merchants were attracted to participate. The products included Tianfu famous dishes, Dongpo famous dishes, non-legacy foods, special snacks, innovative products, rich American foods and high quality and low price.

In the past, the hebang cuisine in Sichuan cuisine refers to the food taste along the Minjiang River. How to connect the cities along the Minjiang River into a modern food corridor? On the same day, the food industry associations in Chengdu, Meishan, Deyang, Ziyang and Leshan signed a strategic cooperation agreement to jointly build a "Minjiang Food Corridor in Metropolitan Area", which will rely on the opportunity of the urbanization development of Chengde Meizi to strengthen cooperation and exchange and innovative research and development of dishes, jointly inherit Sichuan cuisine culture and develop Tianfu cuisine. The event also publicized the local standards of Dongpo cuisine in Sichuan Province (Meishan City).

In recent years, Meishan City has adhered to the "Meishan Excellent Talents Project" as the overall plan, gradually implemented the Meizhou local talents cultivation plan, carried out the cultivation and selection of Meizhou famous craftsmen and Meizhou famous chefs, and awarded the second batch of Meizhou famous chefs. (Bai Yang reporter Zhang Meng)

　　On the morning of June 30th, the centralized launching activities of the third batch of newly started projects in Shenzhen in 2023 were held in Longhua District. There are 294 new projects started in this centralized way, with a total investment of about 314.43 billion yuan, and the planned investment in 2023 is about 47.05 billion yuan. Mayor Qin Weizhong attended the event and announced the start of the project.

　　It is reported that among the 294 centralized construction projects, there are 210 government-invested projects with a total investment of about 88.44 billion yuan and an annual planned investment of about 14.15 billion yuan, accounting for 30.1% of the annual planned investment of all projects. There are 84 social investment projects, with a total investment of about 225.99 billion yuan and an annual planned investment of about 32.90 billion yuan, accounting for 69.9% of the annual planned investment of all projects.

　　In terms of fields, there are 34 new projects in the industrial field, with a total investment of about 92.53 billion yuan and an annual planned investment of about 13.94 billion yuan. It mainly includes Huizhou 26-6 Oilfield Development Project, Luozu Area "Industrial Upstairs" Project, BYD Energy Storage Industrial Park Project, etc.

　　There are 91 infrastructure projects with a total investment of about 36.43 billion yuan and an annual planned investment of about 6.40 billion yuan. It mainly includes the interception and drainage project of Shawan River Shenzhen Reservoir, the reconstruction project of Caimei Interchange, and the construction project of Huancang South Road (west section).

　　There are 133 projects in the field of people’s livelihood with a total investment of about 55.17 billion yuan and an annual planned investment of about 8.62 billion yuan. It mainly includes the reconstruction and expansion project of Luohu Chinese Medicine Hospital, south university of science and technology of china Affiliated Hospital (headquarters) and Ocean University (Phase I).

　　There are 36 other projects with a total investment of about 130.30 billion yuan and an annual planned investment of about 18.09 billion yuan.

　　It is worth noting that there are 18 new projects with a total investment of more than 5 billion yuan, with a total investment of about 183.31 billion yuan and an annual planned investment of about 16.39 billion yuan. There are 7 projects with a total investment of 3 billion to 5 billion yuan, with a total investment of about 24.91 billion yuan and an annual planned investment of about 5.34 billion yuan. There are 33 projects with a total investment of 1 billion to 3 billion yuan, with a total investment of about 64.62 billion yuan and an annual planned investment of about 12.81 billion yuan.

294 projects, including Ocean University (Phase I), will be started intensively, and there will be a "new" school hospital shopping mall at the doorstep.

　　On the morning of June 30th, the third batch of newly started projects in Shenzhen in 2023 was held. The reporter learned from the scene that there were 294 new projects started in this concentration. Among them, there are 34 industrial projects, mainly concentrated in advanced manufacturing, and the pace of building a modern industrial system has accelerated. There will also be schools, hospitals and shopping malls in front of citizens’ homes, and a number of traffic improvement projects and tourism development projects will be started, which will further improve the quality of urban life.

　　Highlight the manufacturing industry and increase the number of "Shenzhen Zhizao"

　　Giving prominence to the manufacturing industry as the master, Shenzhen will promote the development of strategic emerging industries with advanced manufacturing as the mainstay and enhance the competitiveness of the modern industrial system. In this batch of newly started projects, there are 34 industrial projects, including the new generation mobile terminal intelligent manufacturing base project, BYD energy storage industrial park project, and the comprehensive development project of "20+8" advanced manufacturing park for intelligent sensors and precision instruments in the Bay Area (Phase II).

　　The main venue of the centralized start-up activity is located at the project site of the new generation mobile terminal intelligent manufacturing base, which is dedicated to building a leading domestic high-end intelligent manufacturing demonstration park integrating research, production and marketing, and promoting the industrial development of Shenzhen in the new generation of intelligent terminals; The project of Shenzhen Energy-Siemens Energy Cooperation Industrial Park will be built into a source of energy industry innovation, a technical test site for advanced industries, a model room for future zero-carbon parks, and strive to be a national demonstration benchmark for energy industry; The R&D and production base project of peripheral products of intelligent terminals will gather the upstream and downstream industrial chains of intelligent terminal equipment products.

　　Shenzhen promotes the construction of major scientific and technological infrastructure. The Shenzhen Zhongneng high repetition rate X-ray free electron laser project, which started construction this time, will promote original scientific research in the fields of information, life, materials and energy, and is of great significance for promoting the innovative development of strategic emerging industries in Shenzhen and the localization of key instruments and equipment. The construction of the National Technical Standards Innovation Base (Shenzhen) project will build a world-class public service platform for standards innovation.

　　133 livelihood projects continue to improve the quality of life.

　　Among the newly started projects, there are 133 projects in the field of people’s livelihood.

　　In terms of school construction, the Qianwan 10-unit nine-year compulsory school project and the Mawan 19-unit nine-year compulsory school project located in Qianhai Cooperation Zone can provide 3,360 and 2,520 degrees respectively after completion; Shenzhen High School, a high school affiliated to the National People’s Congress in Dapeng New District, will be expanded to provide 900 degrees. Baoan middle school (Group) Junior Middle School will be rebuilt and expanded, and 400 new degrees will be added. The commencement of the Ocean University (Phase I) project will gather global high-end marine talents and scientific and technological resources, and provide strong talent guarantee and scientific and technological support for Shenzhen to accelerate the construction of a global ocean centre city with international attraction, competitiveness and influence.

　　In terms of hospital construction, the Baoan Hospital project of the Municipal People’s Hospital can provide 3,000 beds after completion to build a medical center in northern Shenzhen; South university of science and technology of china Affiliated Hospital (Headquarters) project, with 800 beds planned, will make up for south university of science and technology of china’s shortcomings in the development and layout of medical disciplines and further enhance the comprehensive strength level of Shenzhen research hospitals; After the reconstruction and expansion of Luohu Chinese Medicine Hospital, the number of beds will increase to 700, improving the medical environment for patients.

　　In addition, the renovation and upgrading project of Dongmen Commercial Pedestrian Street, China Resources (Pingshan) Vientiane City Project and xiaomeisha Coastal Ocean Tourism Development Project will start, which will provide new choices for citizens’ consumption and leisure; The Guiwan section project of Qianhai Stone Park will build a cultural node of Shenzhen-Hong Kong cooperation and a world-class living room in the Bay Area; Shenzhen-Shantou Hub Project, Caimei Interchange Reconstruction Project, Longda Expressway Municipal Reconstruction Project (Phase I)-Guangqiao Interchange started two ramp projects, which further opened traffic bottlenecks and improved the quality of traffic.

　　Strive to start big projects every month in the second half of the year.

　　Shenzhen insists on driving effective investment with major projects, and strives to form a good pattern of planning a batch, reserving a batch, building a batch and reaching production, so as to gain momentum for high-quality development. Prior to this, two batches of centralized construction activities have been held in Shenzhen this year, with a total of 529 new projects, with a total investment of 678.7 billion yuan and an annual planned investment of 104.4 billion yuan. The construction of these projects has effectively promoted the speed and quality improvement of fixed assets investment in the city. From January to May, the investment in fixed assets in Shenzhen increased by 12.4%, and the investment operation showed a good trend of speeding up, improving quality and efficiency.

　　Guo Ziping, director of the Municipal Development and Reform Commission, said that the next step will focus on two aspects: First, comprehensively coordinate and dispatch the projects that have already started, especially the newly started projects this year, and give full play to the "1+10+20" scheduling mechanism, focusing on Line 15 of the fifth phase of the track, Pingyan Railway, Tencent Music Headquarters, BYD Global R&D Center and Energy Storage Industrial Park, and the Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen) Medical College to follow the progress. Second, we will comprehensively promote the early projects to accelerate the construction, speed up the Free Electron Laser, Shenzhen Academy of Medical Sciences and Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Campus, other tracks in the fifth phase of the track, Xili High-speed Railway Hub, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Power Transmission Project in Southeast Tibet, and strive to start major strategic projects every month in the second half of the year, rolling and accelerating the construction, and continuously consolidating the investment growth potential.

The performance of the mobile phone business is sluggish, and HTC has put its treasure on VR.At present, the HTC Vive virtual reality helmet of the Bank of China has been officially launched, but the price of 6888 yuan has also discouraged many people.

To this end, HTC has adopted a more people-friendly approach in product promotion. At present, HTC has reached a strategic cooperative relationship with Shunwang Technology, the largest Internet cafe platform service provider in China, to jointly develop virtual reality business and form a competitive Vive ecosystem in public Internet places.

To put it simply, HTC will provide HTC Vive in the pilot Internet cafe for players to experience for free.At present, the detailed addresses of the first batch of Vive experience Internet cafes have been announced. Students who want to experience immersive VR, see if you have your home.：

1. Fei Fei Music Internet Cafe (Leling Road, Qingdao)

Address: No.93 Laoling Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province

2. Yibo E-sports Hall (Tianjin Beichen Store)

Address: Chenchang Road, Beichen District, Tianjin

3. Happy Garden Internet Cafe (Waitu Store)

Address: Units 301 -309, No.817 Hubin South Road, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian

4. Sunshine Xinmiao (Taiyuan North Street Store)

Address: Floor 1, No.246 North Street, Xinghualing District, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province

5. White Night Internet Cafe (Tsinghua East Road Store)

Address: Floor 3, Block B, No.25 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing

6. Xinsu Internet Cafe (wuxi new district Columbus Store)

Address: No.120, Columbus Commercial Plaza, Changjiang North Road, Wuxi New District, Jiangsu Province

7. Jiela Internet Cafe (Hangzhou West Lake Cultural Square Store)

Address: 301, Zone C, Xihu Cultural Square, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province

8. BenQ E-sports Hall (Shijiazhuang wanda plaza Store)

Address: No.132-65, B2 Business, wanda plaza, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei.

9. League of Legends Internet Cafe (Expo Experience Store)

Address: Expo Center, Dongfeng Road and Wenbo East Road, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province

10. Wangyu Internet Cafe (Shenzhen Coastal City Store)

Address: 307C, 3rd floor, Tianli Central Business Plaza, Haide 3rd Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong.

11. Wangyu Internet Cafe (Shanghai Yishan Road Store)

Address: No.488 Yishan Road, Xujiahui District, Shanghai

12. Clockwork Internet Cafe (Changsha Dongfeng Road Branch)

Address: 3F, podium building, No.9 Dongfeng Road Park, Kaifu District, Changsha, Hunan Province

13. D.S Room esports hall

Address: 8th Floor, Jinshatian Street, Longhu Hangzhou, No.560 Jinsha Avenue, Jianggan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang.

14. Martian Internet Cafe

Address: No.123 Yingbin Avenue, Chengdu, Sichuan.

15. Springfield Huahua Internet Cafe

Address: Floor 1, Floor 2, No.88 Changjiang Second Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing

16. Wheat Field E-sports Hall

Address: No.13-14, No.1 Kehua Street, Chengdu, Sichuan.

17. Milan Internet Cafe

Address: Floor 2, Building B, City Mall Pedestrian Street, Qilin District, Qujing City, Yunnan Province

18. Ivory Tower Internet Cafe (Diamond Shop)

Address: Shaoshan Road Building Materials Market (Garden 2 Village), Tianyuan District, Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province

19. ronin TES e-sports Internet cafe

Address: No.2, Floor 2, Building A, Qianda Garden, Putuo Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou

20. Munster Internet Cafe

Address: No.97 Dongting Street, Jiang ‘an District, Wuhan, Hubei.

After a lapse of one year, on May 15th, the US government once again used state power to block Huawei. Compared with the impact of last year’s "516 entity list", this attack is more accurate and thorough.

To put it simply, if any semiconductor company in the world wants to produce chips for Huawei, it needs to obtain permission from the United States first.

Why can the US government be so lenient? Because every semiconductor company in the world is using the software and technology of American companies more or less. This is the so-called "long arm jurisdiction".

Are semiconductor enterprises in China bound by this? Theoretically, this is the case, because some underlying technologies in China’s semiconductor industry chain can only adopt American technologies.

The United States’ comprehensive restriction and upgrading of Huawei’s chip industry covers the upstream software of chip design, the upstream equipment of chip manufacturing and the 7nm chip manufacturing mainly produced by TSMC. The US Department of Commerce has carried out a fixed-point precision strike on all links of Huawei’s chip industry chain.

The first thing is the upstream EDA software of chip design. Although Huawei can design chips, the high-end software EDA tools for IC design are still basically monopolized by three American companies: Cadence, Synopsys and Mentor. In the China market, these three EDA software companies occupy 95% market share.

As far as Huawei is concerned, since May 16 last year, the cooperation between the three major EDA manufacturers in the United States and Huawei has been terminated. This means that Huawei has not obtained new tools and new upgrade services since then, but it can continue to use EDA tools that Huawei has purchased and authorized. In other words, at present, Huawei Hisilicon can also use the old version of EDA for IC design.

However, in the long run, the localization of EDA software is imperative. Some analysts believe that the technical restrictions in the United States are bringing opportunities to the development of domestic EDA software in China.

Having said that, we must also be soberly aware of the technical gap between China and the United States in EDA software and the difficulty of domestic substitution. But at the same time, we should give up the illusion of "compromise and surrender" and seek the possibility of technological breakthrough.

Why is EDA software important?

If chip manufacturing is compared to building a building, IC design is the design drawing of the building, and EDA software is the design tool of this drawing, but the complexity of EDA software is n orders of magnitude higher than that of architectural design software.

EDA, the abbreviation of Electronics Design Automation, is a computer-aided design software system developed on the basis of electronic CAD technology, which integrates the latest achievements of applied electronic technology, computer technology, information processing and intelligent technology to automatically design electronic products.

Using EDA tools, electronic designers can design electronic systems from concepts, algorithms, protocols, etc., and can automatically process the whole process of electronic products from circuit design, performance analysis to designing IC layout or PCB layout on the computer. EDA technology can be widely used in many fields such as electronics, communication, aerospace, machinery and so on.

With the development of integrated circuit technology, EDA software is more and more synonymous with "chip design software tools" by the industry.

That is to say, EDA software is an important tool for chip design. However, due to the complex technology, fine division of labor and multi-technology synthesis of chip design, EDA software does not refer to only one or several softwares, but involves nearly a hundred different technologies and covers a variety of "point tools" software tool clusters.

EDA software can greatly improve the efficiency of chip design, and also has applications in chip manufacturing, packaging and testing. EDA, semiconductor materials and equipment together constitute the three foundations of integrated circuits.

Today, there are at least hundreds of millions to billions of transistors on a chip, and continuous simulation and verification are needed in the design process, which are inseparable from EDA software. Without EDA tools, no matter how high the level of chip designers is, there is no place for them.

From the basic role of EDA in chip design and manufacturing, its importance is self-evident; From the complexity of EDA software, its technical realization is very difficult.

Specifically, the front-end design of the chip includes chip specification formulation and detailed design, HDL coding, simulation verification, logic synthesis, static timing analysis (SAT) and formal verification. The back-end design includes DFT, FloorPlan, clock tree synthesis (CTS), Place & Route, parasitic parameter extraction, physical verification of layout and so on … …

Judging from the tools used in these design processes, it is almost monopolized by three American companies, Cadence, Synopsys and Mentor, which may disappoint many people who call for the localization of EDA software as soon as possible.

So, what challenges does the domestic substitution of EDA in China face?

What are the difficulties faced by EDA localization substitution?

We must first understand the characteristics of EDA industry. EDA is an extremely important key link in the integrated circuit industry chain, but it is also a highly centralized industrial link with relatively small output value.

In 2018, compared with the chip industry of nearly 500 billion US dollars, the market size of the whole EDA is only 9.715 billion US dollars. Among them, 70% of the market share is occupied by EDA giants Synopsys, Cadence and Mentor Graphics under Siemens. The global EDA industry has formed an oligopoly pattern of the three giants. In the China market, the three giants account for more than 95% of the EDA market share, with a higher concentration.

This has not only greatly squeezed the development space of China’s EDA industry, but also seriously affected the pace of domestic research and development of EDA software in China. In the 1990s, when the United States lifted the ban on EDA in China, the advanced EDA software from the United States quickly came to China, attacking the city all the way, which disrupted the pace of independent research and development of EDA in China, and "market for technology" became the path dependence for the next decade.

Compared with American high-end and mature EDA industrial chain, what are the difficulties in the development of EDA industry in China?

The first is the technical threshold. EDA tool is a "multi-tool" software cluster. At present, Chinese enterprises have achieved breakthroughs in some tools, but at present, more technology needs to be accumulated in the complete and available full-process tool chain, which cannot be completed in a short time.

Secondly, the technology integration is high. EDA is the result of long-term cooperation among chip design companies, fabs and EDA software vendors, which requires a lot of talent investment, mathematical optimization and experience accumulation, and cannot be achieved overnight. At present, many EDA enterprises not only provide EDA software, but also provide IP design, which can not only reduce costs, but also improve IP quality by developing some customized EDA functions, and become the main popular mode at present. Our country’s integrated design ability in advanced process is obviously behind the foreign 2-3 generations.

Once again, it is the talent threshold. In terms of EDA software R&D talents, there are not many universities in China that set up EDA majors, and the Internet and financial industries attract a large number of software development talents, which leads to a serious shortage of EDA software R&D talents.

Finally, China also needs to strengthen the intellectual property protection of EDA technology.

At present, EDA has become the key bottleneck for China’s semiconductor industry to achieve autonomous control. In the field of EDA software, China has owned enterprises such as Huada Jiutian, Guangliwei, Xinhe Technology, Lanhaiwei, Jiutongwei, Bodawei, Jilun Electronics, Kejingda, Chuanglian Zhiruan, etc. It is necessary to achieve a comprehensive breakthrough from "point" to "surface" in overcoming the above problems.

How to break the situation of EDA software localization replacement?

Let’s look at the current situation first. Before the 516 entity list incident last year, Huawei obtained the permanent authorization of EDA tools at that time. Because these EDA software can lead the actual chip manufacturing process for two or three years, the EDA ban will not have much impact on Huawei’s chip design in the short term.

However, if Huawei can’t get the updated and upgraded EDA tools because of the continuous technology export ban, it will greatly restrict Huawei’s iterative development in higher-end chip technology.

Not long ago, Huawei tried to design chips jointly with stmicroelectronics (STM.N). One of its purposes was to obtain EDA design technology to find technology records beyond the US technology ban. However, with the intensification of this round of sanctions, this cooperation may also be terminated.

At present, Huawei can only transfer 14nm chip manufacturing orders to domestic SMIC. In the manufacturing of 5nm and 7nm chips, SMIC still lags behind TSMC’s technology and process. One of the big reasons is that domestic manufacturers who provide chip design software for SMIC cannot achieve a breakthrough in the design of high-end chips.

In the long run, it is imperative to replace EDA software in China. The new round of technical restrictions in the United States has strengthened the determination and speed of China’s semiconductor industry’s autonomy. And a series of factors are also quietly promoting the development and break of EDA software industry in China.

First of all, the leading EDA enterprises in China are receiving a number of grants and strategic investments from the state and investment institutions.

On the evening of May 15th, SMIC announced that the second phase of the State Integrated Circuit Fund and the second phase of the Shanghai Integrated Circuit Fund had injected US$ 1.5 billion and US$ 750 million into SMIC South respectively. This will greatly expand the production capacity of 14 nm wafers.

Similarly, the country is also increasing the resource inclination of EDA industry and promoting the independent development of EDA software. Among them, Guowei Shenzhen’s special sub-project "Development and Application of EDA System in Chip Design Whole Process" ("the project") has been approved by the national major science and technology special project, and will receive a total of about 400 million yuan from the project. As the largest EDA company in China, Huada Jiutian has also received several rounds of investment of several hundred million yuan from various investment institutions in China in recent years.

In terms of policy support, in the face of the situation that domestic EDA software is not used, domestic EDA software is given a certain purchasing inclination. For example, the "Several Measures on Accelerating the Development of Integrated Circuit Industry" issued by Shenzhen recently introduced the first domestic policy to explicitly support EDA R&D, including funding incentives for EDA R&D and subsidies for purchasing domestic EDA software.

Secondly, at the market level, the new development of domestic IC industry also brings some opportunities for the development of domestic EDA software.

At present, new technologies such as 12nm and 7nm are widely used in domestic chips, which urgently requires domestic EDA software to develop products comparable to international manufacturers. Only in the design based on the most advanced technology, it is possible to find the defects of the process and potential product opportunities. Of course, this poses a certain challenge to domestic IC design enterprises, but in the case that the United States can "get stuck" at any time, we must pay some trial and error costs to promote the progress of domestic EDA software.

The rise of new applications such as AI chips and IoT chips has brought new challenges to the existing EDA industry and chip design process, and also brought many new technical research directions to small and medium-sized EDA companies, which has become a new opportunity for them to break through the barriers of EDA giants.

Thirdly, AI technology, as a new variable, is bringing a breakthrough to domestic IC design.

Recently, Google is using AI algorithm to learn the layout of chips, so that products beyond manual design can be designed in a shorter time. Similarly, AI technology is being widely used in EDA companies. For example, Empyrean Mcfly, which was launched by Huada Nine Days ago, uses AI algorithm to accelerate IP verification, and uses AI to learn previous IP cases to verify the new IP, and the verification accuracy reaches about 99%.

In addition, if we want to look at the "broken core" incident in the United States from a longer-term perspective, we must realize that perfect property rights protection of technological innovation and mature talent training mechanism are the fundamental ways for China to achieve core technology in its own hands.

Finally, we should realize calmly that the domestic substitution of EDA software and other related core technologies in chip manufacturing is definitely not a natural thing. Think about the prosperity and decline of Japanese semiconductors, which is our lesson.

In the short term, the prohibition of existing foreign EDA software will not have a fatal impact on Huawei, but Huawei is facing a more dangerous situation because of the upgrade of the entire semiconductor technology in the United States. Actively playing games and seeking "spare tires" have become two preparations to be carried out at the same time.

In the long run, the country and the industry can no longer have the illusion of "compromise" and "seeking to let go" of the United States. All sectors of the industry must show patience and determination to invest in the development and research of basic science and core technologies.

On this more difficult road, China’s chip industry and related science and technology industries should be prepared for long-term suffering. This is especially true for EDA software industry.

　　　　　　 CCTV News:Recently, news that parents’ huge deposits have been brushed off by minors rewarding live webcasts and buying game equipment has occurred one after another, and many of them have caused disputes between parents and online platforms.

　　　　　　 In mid-November, Master Wang, who lives near Chanba, the eastern suburb of Xi ‘an, found that his son was fascinated by online games and quietly took more than 70,000 yuan from his parents’ mobile phones. In a rage, Master Wang confiscated the child’s mobile phone and found that the child hid the game program in order not to let the parents know. From the bill expenditure, we can see that there are three kinds of mobile games, namely "Ball Fight", "the glory of the king" and "Soul Tearing". Basically, hundreds of dollars are swiped out every ten minutes, and 77,000 yuan is swiped out from the mobile phones of myself and my wife in just 20 days.

　　　　　　 At the end of August this year, a 9-year-old girl in Zhejiang also spent more than 10,000 yuan in her mother’s credit card because she was obsessed with online games. Ms. Wang, the parent: "I don’t know what is deducted from the credit card. I said, what is this?" When my son saw it, he said that my little sister had played with Mini World for more than 10,000 times. As soon as I opened the door, I fainted there. "

　　　　　　 From the list of Alipay, this kind of transaction called mini-coin was very frequent in August, and sometimes it was successful for five or six times in two or three minutes, from 25 yuan and 50 yuan to 500 yuan and 1000 yuan. The expense of the daughter playing games makes this single-parent family, whose eldest son is suffering from a brain tumor and financial difficulties, even worse. In desperation, Ms. Wang, the mother, had to ask the local media and legal professionals to help contact the game company to discuss the refund.

　　　　　　 Gu Weichao, a practicing lawyer, said: "For example, a 10-year-old child in this case buys expensive games, which is obviously inconsistent with her age. Because she is a person with limited capacity for civil conduct, the relevant behavior should be recognized by the legal guardian before it becomes legally effective. For example, in this case, the parents do not recognize her trading behavior. In fact, it is an invalid legal act, and the relevant transaction-related institutions should return it. "

　　　　　　 [Complex procedures for obtaining evidence and verifying refund are full of twists and turns]

　　　　　　 Although lawyers believe that the relevant institutions should refund the transactions made by minors with limited capacity for civil conduct without the approval of their legal guardians, when Ms. Wang contacted media reporters in Taizhou, Zhejiang Province to help negotiate with the game company, she found that it was not a simple matter to get back the money that had been spent.

　　　　　　 After the reporter contacted the game platform on the spot and helped Ms. Wang send proof of identity, bills and other evidence to the platform through the mailbox, on October 15, the platform deposited more than 2,900 yuan into Ms. Wang’s account, which is far from what Ms. Wang said.

　　　　　　 Customer service staff of the game platform: "We have verified that it is 2182.32 yuan, and some of it is with the game anchor. We have divided it into 3, 7 or 4, 6. We have already expedited it. We will contact the anchor and it is estimated that it will take a month to handle it."

　　　　　　 The reporter also helped Ms. Wang carefully calculate the game consumption again and found that her little daughter’s game consumption in August should be 10015.81 yuan. Subsequently, the reporter contacted Shenzhen Mini Play Technology Co., Ltd., the developer of Mini World game, by telephone, requesting confirmation and verification of the game recharge amount of Ms. Wang’s youngest daughter.

　　　　　　 "Mini World" customer service staff: "If he needs to apply for a refund, he needs to contact the platform. Where does the platform mean? One of the things that help him check here is the mobile phone platform. Refund has a process. If the parents of the player need to refund, they need to contact the platform directly."

　　　　　　 Customer service staff of mobile phone platform: "In this respect, you can also provide your email address to us, and we can record it and give you a feedback."

　　　　　　 After two or three round-trip negotiations, the mobile phone customer service staff agreed to tell Ms. Wang the email number, and Ms. Wang sent the relevant information to the mobile phone platform company through the reporter. Fortunately, after learning about the difficult situation of Ms. Wang’s family, the game developer of Mini World said that it would try its best to coordinate the refund and other related matters for this special recharge event.

　　　　　　 Manager Li, head of the public relations department of Shenzhen Mini Play Technology Co., Ltd.: "Because it is a special plot, and then this parent is really poor, that is to say, we can help to drive the partners to help, and everyone can drive this thing together."

　　　　　　 [Expert Interpretation: Why is it so difficult to get a refund? 】

　　　　　　 In this incident, due to the special circumstances of Ms. Wang’s family, the time for refund was greatly shortened. However, in many other similar incidents, although many parents also chose to report to the police or negotiate with the online platform, the difficulty in obtaining evidence and verifying it made their road of asking for money long.

　　　　　　 In an online news titled "An 11-year-old girl stole nearly 130,000 savings from her parents, almost all of which were used to reward anchors", it was reported that an 11-year-old girl used her parents’ old mobile phone to watch live webcasts and play games, and secretly brushed away her mother’s savings of 126,000 yuan. After the mother found out, she contacted the platform to ask for a refund, but after getting the phone number of the payee with the help of the lawyer, she called many times but no one answered.

　　　　　　 In the report "A 7-year-old girl recharges 18,000 yuan for playing games: there is no refund channel", a 7-year-old girl used her mother’s mobile phone to play games and recharged 18,000 yuan in two hours. Parents asked the game company for a refund, but at first they got a reply that there was no refund channel for the game. It was not until the incident received media attention that the game company agreed to deal with it.

　　　　　　 According to experts, in these cases, because the minors all used their parents’ mobile phone accounts, the biggest difficulty in refunding is how to prove that the money was really paid by the minors.

　　　　　　 Zhu Wei, a researcher at the Communication Law Center of China University of Political Science and Law: "The first difficulty is how to prove that it is a reward from a minor, because as far as we know, the reason why the platform does not refund parents is that you need to prove whether the money is played by you or by a child; The second difficulty is that even if the platform wants a refund, because the general platform can only get about 50% of the rewards, and the other 50% is given to the anchor, so sometimes the platform can only refund half of the money, then half of it has to be refunded by the anchor. "

　　　　　　 [Multi-factors lead to huge online consumption of minors]

　　　　　　 At the same time of frequent refund disputes, many parents also have such doubts: in the world of online games or live video, why do children spend huge sums of money so easily?

　　　　　　 Take the online game "Mini World" mentioned earlier as an example. Players don’t need to authenticate when recharging the game, but they can recharge and reward as long as they know the payment password. During the inspection of the online video app, the reporter found that most of the software can be registered and logged in quickly by means of mobile phone number, WeChat, Weibo, etc. When rewarding the anchor, it is necessary to recharge the gold coins or diamonds dedicated to the software, and then buy gifts in virtual currency. Generally, you only need to directly use the user name and account registered when downloading software from your smartphone to pay quickly. Even if parents set up a mobile phone that requires password and fingerprint recognition, it is easy to be cracked. Therefore, if parents let their children download live apps or online games on their mobile phones, it is easy for children to spend with their parents’ accounts without their parents’ knowledge.

　　　　　　 When combing the relevant cases, the reporter found that in almost all cases, parents gave their mobile phones to their children, failed to properly keep the payment password, and even opened the secret-free payment function, which caused minors to make huge consumption unconsciously.

　　　　　　 [Multi-party joint efforts to realize the health network for minors]

　　　　　　 During the interview, experts said that guiding minors to make rational online consumption requires the joint efforts of the platform, society and parents in order to truly supervise minors effectively.

　　　　　　 The reporter tested several popular live broadcast software, and found that most of them have settings called youth mode, parental control mode or management tools for minors. After parents choose this setting, they can not only prohibit minors from playing live broadcasts, such as rewarding, recharging and withdrawing cash, but also filter the content watched by minors and control the time of logging in to the platform. In some online games, there are similar anti-addiction system settings. As long as minors register their accounts with their real identity information, the system can supervise the game time and recharge of minors.
At the same time, experts believe that the platform should also inform parents of ways and means to supervise minors’ use of the Internet through more channels and ways in society.

　　　　　　 Zhu Wei, a researcher at the Communication Law Center of China University of Political Science and Law, said: "(The platform) must have an obligation to inform all parents how to exercise such a power. Some people say that they have informed, and they will inform online. Online notification is not enough. It needs offline notification, through billboards, through offline publicity, etc., including the media like us to promote together, in order to better help parents to care for their children and avoid this need for a refund. "

　　　　　　 At the same time, as the most direct guardians of minors, parents should also be familiar with the network rules and strictly follow the relevant laws and regulations in order to truly protect minors.

　　　　　　 Zhu Wei, a researcher at the Communication Law Center of China University of Political Science and Law, said: "The first line of defense to really supervise children is not the platform, not even the law and the government, but the parents! Parents should control their children’s account, and give their children this registration mode that conforms to their identity. Since it is inevitable to contact the Internet, parents should be familiar with the rules of the game. After being familiar with them, use these rules to protect their families and protect their children. "

Russian troops captured Ukrainian "revolutionary weapons"

Today’s Russian TV website reported that according to a video released on April 5, the Russian army discovered a damaged and buried heavy armored combat vehicle that was once considered as the result of the revolutionary innovation of the Ukrainian army.

According to reports, engineers of the "Azov Camp" in Ukraine manufactured the "Azov Sea Man" tank in 2015 by modifying the T-64 tank. However, this $5 million chariot has not been put into mass production. Part of the reason is that "Azov Seaman" tank weighs 41 tons, which is a heavy burden on its engine, and the tank has no thermal camera and mediocre equipment, which is not suitable for combat missions.

In October 2016, the only prototype of the tank was stolen and later found at the "Azov Camp" base, but the engine and gearbox were damaged. Russian media said that the "Azov Camp" was simply buried. After the Russian army arrived, the local residents provided the location of the burial place, and the "Azov Sea Man" tank was captured by the Russian army.

Putin: There is almost no unemployment in Russia.

According to today’s Russian TV website reported on April 4th, Russian President Vladimir Putin said on the 4th that the Russian authorities have worked with enterprises and trade unions to reduce the domestic unemployment rate to the lowest level in history. At present, there is almost no unemployment in Russia, and it will not face this threat in the next few years.

Putin said at the plenary session of the Russian Federation of Independent Trade Unions: "The situation is very good: in 2023, the unemployment rate in Russia fell below 3%, which was 2.9%, and then fell to 2.8% in February this year." Putin pointed out that the problem of labor shortage has become increasingly prominent in Russia. He asked the government to speed up the increase of the minimum wage in the next few years.

Experts believe that the decreasing trend of unemployment rate in Russia is related to the transformation of the country’s economic structure. Now Russia is gradually getting rid of the dependence on raw materials and starting to produce more high value-added goods. Special military operations and import substitution work have also aggravated the labor shortage.

Give up launching low-priced models? Musk refutes

On the 5th, Reuters quoted several sources as saying that Tesla had given up the plan to launch a low-cost model that it had promised to push, and analyzed that this was because China car companies had launched a large number of low-cost electric vehicle models in recent years, and this market segment was very crowded, so it was difficult for Tesla to make a difference in this market segment. After the news came out, Tesla CEO Musk refuted Reuters’s lies on social media.

According to the report, in January this year, Musk also told investors that Tesla plans to produce low-cost models in the Texas factory in the second half of 2025, but at present, the plan has been cancelled.

According to reports, the current model with the lowest price in Tesla is Model 3. It was widely expected that Tesla would launch Model 2 with a lower price later, and the starting price is expected to be about $25,000. Tesla didn’t comment on the news, but Musk posted on social media X that "Reuters is lying" without specifying. Reuters claimed that his source came from many people familiar with the situation and Tesla’s internal communication document dated March 1st this year.

Kadyrov: 3000 Wagner soldiers join Chechen special forces.

According to Russian media reports on April 6th, Ramzan Kadyrov, the leader of Chechen region in Russia, announced on the social platform of "Telegraph" that 3,000 Wagner group fighters will join the special forces of "Ahmat" in Chechnya.

Kadyrov wrote: "The decision has been made: A Wagner commander with the call sign’ Ratibor’ will join the legendary’ Ahmat’ special forces. 3,000 former combatants of the Wagner Group will join him. "

Kadyrov said that these fighters will carry out combat missions in the "special military operations" area in the near future; Ratibor was seriously injured in the battle, but immediately decided to return to the battlefield after his recovery.

Ecuador: Before entering the Mexican embassy to arrest the former vice president of Ecuador, we had a dialogue with him.

On April 6, local time, Ecuadorian Foreign Minister Sommerfeld held a press conference, saying that before entering the Mexican embassy to arrest, the Ecuadorian government had had a full dialogue with the Mexican authorities on the asylum of former Vice President Grasse. Ecuador will stick to its position, defend national sovereignty and reaffirm its commitment to respect international law and fight corruption.

Sommerfeld insisted that Glass had been issued an arrest warrant for alleged embezzlement of public funds and had been sentenced for corruption, which could not be regarded as persecution for political reasons.

On the evening of the 5th, Eritrean security forces drove armored vehicles into the Mexican embassy in Ecuador and arrested Grasse, who was in the embassy. On the 5th, Mexican Foreign Minister Barcena announced through social media that in view of Ecuador’s flagrant violation of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations and the injury suffered by Mexican diplomats in Ecuador, Mexico immediately severed diplomatic relations with Ecuador.

Behind the exposure of Amazon supermarket AI is 1000 cheap Indian laborers.

Three years ago, Amazon, an American e-commerce giant, opened its first fresh grocery store in Britain. Consumers can buy everything from meat and dairy products to fruits and vegetables, and they can go out directly without waiting in line to check out.

It is said that this technology is driven by artificial intelligence, which Amazon calls "Just Walk Out". However, the American media recently revealed that behind this "magic technology", it was actually done by about 1,000 cheap laborers in India by monitoring and watching the items selected by customers.

According to reports, the reality is that a large part of the sales of "go straight" requires a secret manual review by the Indian team. Employees in India determine the transaction amount by monitoring what customers take, what they put down and what goods they finally take out of the store. According to anonymous sources, in 2022, about 700 out of every 1,000 "direct walk" transactions must be verified by these Indian workers.

There was another problem with the Boeing passenger plane, and the engine caught fire and the flight was cancelled.

Since the beginning of this year, Boeing passenger plane safety accidents have occurred frequently. On the 5th local time, Southwest Airlines reported that one of its Boeing 737-800 passenger planes was forced to cancel its flight on the 4th due to engine fire. Fortunately, no one was injured.

The announcement said that the passenger plane carrying 154 passengers and 6 crew members was originally scheduled to take off from Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport in Texas, USA. The flight crew "stopped taking off safely" after receiving the prompt that "there may be something wrong with the engine". The local fire department said that one of the two engines of the passenger plane caught fire, but no one was injured.

Ural river’s water level continues to rise, RussiaMore than 4,400 people were evacuated in one state.

According to the news reported by the government departments of Orenburg and media reports, it is expected that the water level in ural river will continue to rise on the night of April 6, local time, and the flood situation in Orenburg will be more severe. Russian President Vladimir Putin has ordered Minister of Emergency Situations Kurenkoff to go to Orenburg to organize rescue and relief work.

At present, traffic in 153 residential areas in Orenburg has been interrupted, more than 6,000 houses have been flooded and more than 4,400 people have been evacuated. The water level of the ural river section flowing through orenburg City has risen to 8.55 meters, and the municipal government has organized the forced evacuation of residents in areas that may suffer from floods. In Orsk, the eastern city of Orenburg, where the disaster is more serious, 1,121 people have been evacuated, and the local tram tracks and other infrastructure have been destroyed.

This year, the only total solar eclipse in the world will be staged in North America.

The only total solar eclipse in the world will be staged in the early morning of April 9, Beijing time. The total solar eclipse belt will sweep across North America, and many cities in Mexico, the United States and Canada can see this total solar eclipse. It will take place from noon to afternoon on April 8, local time, and it is highly ornamental.

(Yangcheng Evening News Yangcheng School Comprehensive CCTV News, Xinhua News Agency, World Wide Web, The Paper, Reference News Network, vision china, etc.)

　　Solar greenhouse in the production base of Gobi ginseng fruit in Yumen city. Provided by Yumen Agriculture and Rural Bureau

　　Vegetable farmers are managing cherry tomatoes in the greenhouse of Dunhuang Seed Industry Gobi Agricultural Industrial Park. Provided by Gansu Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs

　　Core reading

　　The vast rural areas are very different, and the resource endowments are different. Modern agriculture is doomed to be unable to conquer the world with one model.

　　Many areas in northwest China are dry and lack of rain, and the ecology is fragile. How to break through the common problems of resource constraints and embark on a road of high-quality agricultural development? Jiuquan City, Gansu Province, invigorates Gobi resources, develops ecological agriculture, breaks through technical barriers and market barriers, and balances the relationship between production and ecology, which brings enlightenment to the development of high-quality agriculture in such resource-constrained areas.

　　It is hard to believe that this is the Gobi Desert that once "the wind blows stones and runs away, and grass does not grow everywhere"!

　　Walking into the Gobi agricultural industrial parks in Jiuquan, Gansu Province, it seems to be in the solar greenhouse museum — — In the assembled steel frame greenhouse, leeks, cucumbers, tomatoes and other vegetables are fresh and tender, and vegetable farmers are busy collecting and loading cars; In the intelligent multi-span greenhouse, southern fruit trees such as pitaya, fig and lotus fog are full of vitality, and a set of sophisticated equipment is dazzling … …

　　How do the Gobi desert grow fruits and vegetables? Is there any money in facility agriculture? How to balance production and ecology? With these questions, the reporter found out.

　　Ask Gobi for space

　　Developing ecological facility agriculture will increase the average benefit per mu by 10 times.

　　In the greenhouse of Yinda Gobi Agricultural Industrial Park in Suzhou District, rows of tomato seedlings are more than two meters high. When I ask, I still control the growth! Looking closely, a tomato bears fruit from top to bottom, and it has seven layers, and one layer can pick more than two kilograms of fruit.

　　Li Kai, stationmaster of Yinda Town Agriculture and Forestry Station in Suzhou District, introduced that there are 1,350 solar greenhouses in the industrial park, and 80% of them grow tomatoes. "It is not a problem to collect 12,000 Jin in a shed. The output is 1/3 higher than that of ordinary shed, and the quality is better."

　　"It’s easy to work hard and farm easily. I didn’t expect the wasteland to become a cornucopia." Ge Mingke, a 54-year-old villager in Liufen Village, Yinda Town, said that it is located on the edge of Badain Jaran Desert. In the past, it was not long to grow anything. The villagers used to be poor and developed Gobi agriculture, which made everyone see the future. Today, Lao Ge runs 8 greenhouses in the park. He took out his mobile phone and showed it. "Now, with a little finger, you can roll up the curtain in a few minutes."

　　In addition to vegetables, there are many new things in the park — — Some farmers planted tropical fruits such as pitaya, lotus fog and passion fruit in Gobi, and the benefits were good. The perfume lemon was sold to one in 30 yuan. Ge Mingke tried to grow grapes in the greenhouse this spring, but it was snapped up as soon as it was picked.

　　"Developing efficient agriculture is not a patent in developed regions." Li Kai said that despite the shortage of water and soil resources in Jiuquan, with another brain, the disadvantages can become advantages, and the Gobi desert here can be rich! Statistics show that there are 170 million mu of Gobi desert beaches available in the city, accounting for nearly two-thirds of the city’s land area.

　　"The Gobi Desert is not suitable for traditional farming, but there are many things that can’t be done on cultivated land, but there are advantages here!" Jiang Weijie, a researcher at the Institute of Vegetables and Flowers of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said that the Gobi Desert has a vast area and is concentrated and contiguous, which is suitable for scale operation; There are many stones, and local materials can save a lot of greenhouse cost; The Gobi Desert has up to 14 hours of light every day, and the temperature difference between day and night reaches more than 20 degrees Celsius. The fruits and vegetables are of high yield and good quality.

　　"Gobi agriculture has expanded the development space and opened up new channels for farmers to increase their income." Zhang Guosen, deputy director of Jiuquan Agricultural Technology Service Center, introduced that the protected agricultural area of Gobi in the city reached 90,000 mu, with an annual net income of 25,000 mu — 30,000 yuan, about 10 times that of field planting.

　　Qilian qingquan agricultural science and technology co., ltd chose Yumen city and invested 350 million yuan to develop ginseng fruit. Into the greenhouse, ginseng fruit does not grow on trees, but green seedlings climb the rope and grow straight up.

　　"The fruit grows up after drinking snow water from Qilian Mountain, which is sweet and refreshing and has a unique flavor!" Ma Shoudong, the general manager of the company, said that the irrigation water in Qingquan Township comes from melted snow, which is pure and pollution-free, and the Gobi land is suitable for developing green and organic crops.

　　In addition to good quality, it can also be wrong. "Going public in winter and spring can avoid the listing period of Yunnan ginseng fruit and seize the scarcity period of northern fruit." Ma Shoudong said that in the Gobi greenhouse, one crop can be harvested four times, and the average income of the shed is more than 40,000 yuan.

　　In response to the unique resource advantages of the Gobi Desert, not only Qilian Qingquan Company, but also Jiuquan started to build 90 Gobi eco-agricultural industrial parks, and 35 leading enterprises, 49 cooperatives and more than 7,000 farmers including Dunhuang Seed Industry and Julong Group joined in. In just a few years, Jiuquan Gobi eco-agriculture has developed from scratch, from small to large, and has embarked on an innovative development road with outstanding regional characteristics and efficient use of resources.

　　Science and technology break through resource constraints

　　Water is counted by drops, fruits and vegetables are planted in "pillows", and the more scientific farming is, the sweeter it is.

　　Water shortage is the first problem in agriculture in Gobi desert.

　　"Saving water is the only way out." Wang Shengjun, deputy director of the Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Jiuquan City, said that the Gobi is short of water, which is a structural shortage. Heihe River, Shule River, Taolai River and Danghe River all flow through the territory. The key is to vigorously develop science and technology to save water and break the bottleneck of water resources.

　　Jiuquan built a water conservancy project to divert water and water. Popularize water-saving technology in one hand, and formulate 15 technical specifications for Gobi agricultural standardization, so that new integrated technologies such as water-saving drip irrigation and integration of water and fertilizer can be settled, and the maximum benefit of each drop can be exerted.

　　In the intelligent multi-span glass greenhouse of Dunhuang Seed Industry, vegetables are as delicate as flowers. "The water supply is calculated by drops, and each crop has its own drinking water file." Wang Kai, manager of the second production department of the company, introduced that the water and fertilizer equipment automatically adjusts the water supply according to the crop growth data and the environment. Scientific farming, the sweeter the planting, the organic tomatoes produced here sell for 7 yuan a catty.

　　How to make good use of Gobi resources on the basis of protection? Jiuquan defines Gobi eco-agriculture, and its specific development space is arid Gobi area, including Gobi desert, desertification land, abandoned land, and even low-yield fields in oasis. "Gobi agriculture should carry out long-term planning, avoid disorderly development, grasp the balance between production and ecology, and adhere to ecological priority, ‘ Do not drill a new well or increase the total water consumption ’ These two hard levers are the bottom line and the red line. " Wang Shengjun said.

　　With the "hard leverage", how can Gobi agriculture "grow up"? Fan Lide is a pioneer of agriculture in Jiuquan Gobi. His story is very convincing: in 2009, he began to build greenhouses to grow fruits and vegetables in Gobi. Today, the couple run 30 greenhouses, large and small.

　　Walking into Van Lide’s greenhouse, the ground is still the original appearance of Gobi, and all kinds of vegetable seedlings grow in "pillows". This is a matrix pillow technology popularized in the city in recent years. The "pillow" contains the "soil" needed for crop growth. "You don’t have to dig a hole and open a ditch, you can directly bag vegetables, and water and fertilizer will be pumped in like infusion ‘ Pillow ’ 。”

　　The matrix pillow comes from Kangduo Ecological Agriculture Company. Walking into the backyard of the company, the bundled straws are neatly packed, the tomato seedlings are piled up like hills, and the mushroom residue bags are put together. "Matrix pillows are made of these agricultural wastes." Su Hai, Chairman of the Board of Directors, said that 1 mu of sunlight greenhouse needs 67 cubic meters of substrate, which can transform and utilize 125 cubic meters of agricultural wastes such as straw, tail vegetables and livestock manure. Returning substrate to the field can also enhance soil fertility and improve soil.

　　In Jiuquan Gobi desert, various intelligent drip irrigation and water and fertilizer integration facilities are very common. In the past, "the farmland was watered in the field, but now the seedlings were watered in the Gobi", and careful calculation of water-saving accounts became the common action of farmers and enterprises. "It is necessary to save water and improve water efficiency, but also to use water efficiently and improve output efficiency." Zhang Guosen said that through precision drip irrigation, planting tomatoes can save water by 50%, increase production by 30%, and increase efficiency by about 2,000 yuan per mu.

　　Holding a group to develop and sell well.

　　Improve the quality of the industrial chain, do well and enlarge the "vegetable basket" and "fruit plate"

　　Compared with traditional agriculture, Gobi ecological facility agriculture undoubtedly needs more investment. Is it worthwhile to do so?

　　Jiuquan’s approach is to focus on organic and green, and build efficient agriculture in the whole industrial chain.

　　Come to the largest agricultural product market in Hexi region — — In the spring market, I found that many stall owners are rushing to collect Gobi vegetables and fruits. "From November to March of the following year, vegetables from the Gobi Desert accounted for about 20% in the market." Li Hongmei, deputy general manager of Chunguang Market, said that Gobi agriculture is positioned in the middle and high end. If it is difficult to sell at a good price only by staring around the producing area, the key is to broaden the market.

　　The government has set up a platform, built brands and blocked points, so that more and more high-quality agricultural products in Gobi can go out. The influence of "Gobi Snow Run" regional brand has been expanding, and the market has expanded to Beishangguang, Sichuan and Chongqing.

　　"If you want to embrace the big market, you can’t fight alone!" Wang Shengjun introduced that the city took the lead in setting up a vegetable association, formulating production standards and promoting multi-party participants to "hold their fingers into fists".

　　Holding a group to break into the market, the "vegetable basket" and "fruit plate" are getting bigger and bigger. Kangyuan Fruit and Vegetable Farmers Cooperative in Qingquan Township has driven more than 400 farmers to operate 1032 ginseng fruit greenhouses, providing through-train services such as agricultural materials, technology, storage and sales. Chijin Town Dongjiuwang Farmers Cooperative has driven more than 2,000 growers, supported clean vegetable processing, leek flower sauce and other processing projects, and extended the industrial chain.

　　There must be a "golden key" to knock on the door of the market. "The key is to improve the quality of the industrial chain and achieve high quality and good price." China — Wang Xiongjiao, head of the construction promotion group of Israel (Jiuquan) Industrial Park, said that the stones from other mountains can attack jade, and the desert agriculture in Israel is the most similar to Gobi agriculture. People not only have advanced water-saving technology, but also have an efficient industrial chain to ensure that what they produce is a hot commodity. The industrial park officially opened in April this year, and the first suggestion of Israeli experts was to study domestic and international market information.

　　There are no e-commerce online stores, no merchants coming and going, and all the leeks in Chijin Town are sold to Beijing, Hebei, Shaanxi, Xinjiang and other places. "We rely on orders, and the wholesale price of sheds is higher than the retail price of ordinary leeks in the local market." Wang Yi, the leek agent, said that Chijin leek is a geographical indication product, and 90% of the leeks in the town have achieved order sales.

　　"Good quality and good price, organic leeks are sold for five or six yuan a catty." Wang Yi started a new experiment on the Gobi Desert — — More than 100 steel arch sheds and more than 100 solar greenhouses have been built to grow organic vegetables. The newly emerged leek seedlings add new green to the Gobi Desert, and more than 280 farmers are busy with Wang Yi.

　　Large-scale production and circulation are the development trends. "To transport vegetables to Guangzhou, it is required that the temperature of the cabbage is below 2 degrees Celsius, and it will be delivered in 40 hours and sold in 12 hours." Wang Shengyuan, general manager of Julong Modern Agricultural Logistics Port, said that as the largest logistics enterprise in Jiuquan, through the development of cold chain logistics, a number of cooperatives have been driven to connect with the big market.

　　Jiuquan, who is well versed in the development of Gobi agriculture, has a new plan: by 2022, it will build a demonstration area of Gobi eco-agriculture leading the whole province and even the whole country, and become a competitive "vegetable basket" production and supply base based in the northwest, radiating the whole country and facing Central Asia, West Asia and South Asia.

　　CCTV News:According to the website of the Ministry of Education, a few days ago, the Ministry of Education and other five departments issued the Notice on Further Strengthening and Standardizing the Management of Education Fees (hereinafter referred to as the Notice), requiring all localities to fully implement the main responsibility of education fee management in accordance with the prescribed management authority, correctly handle the relationship between the government, society and educated people, correctly handle the relationship between education fees and financial allocations, student aid, correctly handle the relationship between decentralization and decentralization, optimize services, and further improve the education fee policy system.

　　Opinions on further strengthening and standardizing the management of education fees

　　The CPC Central Committee and the State Council have always attached great importance to the management of education fees. Since the establishment of the national inter-ministerial joint conference system to control education fees, with the joint efforts of relevant departments and local governments at all levels, the level of education fees has remained basically stable, and the phenomenon of education fees has been effectively curbed. However, with the development of economy and society, there are still some problems in the system and mechanism, policy implementation, supervision and management, and there is still a certain gap with the needs of education reform and development and the expectations of the people. In order to implement the spirit of the document "China Education Modernization 2035" and "Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Further Adjusting and Optimizing the Structure to Improve the Efficiency in the Use of Education Funds", and further strengthen and standardize the management of education fees, we hereby put forward the following opinions.

　　I. General requirements

　　(A) the guiding ideology

　　Guided by the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era, we will fully implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Second, Third and Fourth Plenary Sessions of the 19th National Congress, thoroughly implement the spirit of the National Education Conference, always give priority to education, actively adapt to the new requirements of reform in the fields of education, finance and taxation, and price, and consolidate and improve the system of raising education funds through multiple channels with government input as the main factor. Gradually improve all kinds of education investment mechanisms at all levels and the cost-sharing mechanism for non-compulsory education, establish and improve the policy system, system and supervision system of education fees, enhance the ability of education fees management, continuously consolidate the achievements of education fees management, and promote the fair and quality development of education.

　　(2) Basic principles

　　— — Adhere to public welfare attributes and classified management. Adhere to the public welfare of education and give full play to the leading role of the government in education. Distinguish the different stages of compulsory education and non-compulsory education, distinguish the different attributes of non-profit and profit-making private education, correctly handle the relationship between government, society and educated people, and share the cost of education and training reasonably.

　　— — Adhere to grading examination and approval and territorial management. The items and standards of administrative fees in the field of education are subject to examination and approval at the central and provincial levels, and the fees of schools affiliated to the central department are subject to territorial management. All provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government (hereinafter referred to as provinces) shall, in accordance with the prescribed management authority, scientifically formulate charging policies, strengthen the management of charging items, reasonably determine charging standards, and fully implement the main responsibility of education charging management.

　　— — Adhere to problem orientation, reform and innovation. Constantly improve the management system of education fees, improve the policy of education fees, strengthen the management of fees in key areas and key units, focus on solving the problems of fees system and mechanism that are incompatible with the reform and development of education, and focus on solving the problems of fees that are strongly reflected by the masses. Administer education in an all-round way according to law, adhere to administration and financial management according to law, strengthen supervision after the event, combine daily supervision with special supervision, and innovate the way of charging supervision.

　　Second, improve the education charging policy

　　(3) Adhere to the nine-year compulsory education system. Compulsory education is fully included in the scope of financial security, and public compulsory education schools do not charge tuition and miscellaneous fees. All localities should strictly implement the compulsory education law, consolidate and improve the funding guarantee mechanism for compulsory education in urban and rural areas, adhere to the nine-year compulsory education system, and prohibit arbitrarily expanding the implementation scope of the free education policy. The standard of exempting students from tuition and miscellaneous fees in private compulsory education schools is implemented according to the benchmark quota of public funds per student; For the part with insufficient per capita education and training cost, we should strictly implement the non-profit statutory requirements and reasonably determine the charging standard. It is strictly forbidden to collect donations linked to enrollment. In accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, schools or other social organizations that recruit students in the compulsory education stage to carry out professional training in literature, art and sports should not include tuition and fees that students are exempted from after completing the nine-year compulsory education course.

　　(four) adhere to the implementation of non compulsory education training cost sharing mechanism. Non-compulsory education implements the input mechanism of government investment, reasonable sharing by the educated and financing from other channels. According to the cost of running a school, the level of economic development and the financial situation, all provinces should implement and dynamically adjust the per capita financial allocation standard or the per capita public funding standard for public kindergartens, ordinary high schools, secondary vocational schools, higher vocational colleges and ordinary undergraduate colleges. Schools (including kindergartens, the same below) charge tuition fees (conservation education fees) to the educated according to a certain proportion of the annual average cost of education and training, and charge accommodation fees to boarding students in consideration of actual costs (excluding financial allocations). Students with financial difficulties in families enjoy the policy of reduction and exemption in accordance with relevant state regulations. All provinces should reasonably determine the proportion of tuition fees (conservation education fees) of public kindergartens, ordinary high schools and secondary vocational schools to the annual average education and training costs in light of local conditions. At present, the proportion of tuition fees in public institutions of higher learning to the annual average cost of education and training should not exceed 25%, and all localities should reasonably determine it according to the level of economic and social development, training costs and people’s affordability.

　　Kindergartens run by the army that recruit children of local personnel and enjoy subsidies from the local people’s government shall be charged in accordance with the relevant provisions of public kindergartens; Those who do not enjoy subsidies shall be specifically formulated by the army in accordance with relevant state policies, and the charging standards shall be reasonably determined. The charging policies for Chinese-foreign cooperative education and part-time postgraduate education shall be formulated by the provinces.

　　(5) Adhere to the classified management of private education fees. According to the relevant provisions of the Law on the Promotion of Private Education, the specific measures for charging non-profit private schools shall be formulated by the provincial people’s government; The charging standards of for-profit private schools shall be regulated by the market and decided by the schools themselves. The charging standard of inclusive private kindergartens is determined reasonably according to the administrative measures for the identification of inclusive private kindergartens promulgated by provincial people’s governments, taking into account the charging levels of public kindergartens and inclusive private kindergartens as a whole, and taking into account factors such as the level of economic development, the affordability of the masses, the cost of running parks and the level of financial subsidies. All localities should speed up the formulation and implementation of financial subsidy standards for inclusive private kindergartens, implement public subsidies for private schools in the compulsory education stage, strengthen the regulation of charging standards, and resolutely prevent excessive fees. Private schools established before November 7, 2016 shall be managed as non-profit private schools before completing the relevant procedures for classified registration.

　　(six) improve the school service charges and fees and other policies. In addition to completing the normal tasks of conservation, education and teaching, the school provides students with relevant convenient services needed for study and life, and organizes activities such as study tours, after-school services and social practice. For the part borne by students or their parents, service fees can be charged according to the principles of voluntariness and non-profit. If the relevant services are provided by institutions or individuals outside the school, the school may collect and pay the relevant fees. The specific policies on school service charges and agency charges shall be formulated by the provinces. Projects that have been explicitly prohibited by the state or explicitly stipulated by the financial guarantee shall not be included in service charges and fees on behalf of the school. Schools shall not set up service charges and fees on behalf of the school without authorization, and shall not obtain the difference in the fees collected. They shall not force or imply students and parents to buy designated teaching AIDS or materials, and shall not charge related fees by starting classes in advance or in disguised form. In-school student dormitories and off-campus student apartments organized by social forces are not allowed to provide relevant life services or bundle service charges with accommodation fees. The school’s self-operated canteen shall collect meals from students who voluntarily dine, and shall adhere to the principle of public welfare and shall not be for profit.

　　(7) Improve the charging policy for overseas Chinese students from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan studying in the mainland (the mainland of the motherland). For students from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan who study in the mainland (the mainland of China) and overseas Chinese students who study in primary and secondary schools and kindergartens, the same charging policy as that for mainland students (the mainland of China) shall be implemented in accordance with relevant regulations; Admission to the mainland (the mainland) ordinary colleges and universities and research institutes, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the implementation of the same fees as the mainland (the mainland) students.

　　(eight) improve the international student fee policy. For international students studying in public primary and secondary schools and kindergartens, the charging policies shall be formulated by the provinces. The school charging policy for children of foreigners shall be formulated by the school independently. The charging standard for self-funded international students in China accepted by colleges and universities is reasonably determined by the school according to the local economic and social development level and training cost, so as to avoid vicious competition. According to the agreement between the Chinese government and the sending country, the charging policy for students who come to China for education shall be implemented in accordance with relevant regulations.

　　Third, improve the management system of education fees

　　(nine) to establish and improve the dynamic adjustment mechanism of education fees. All localities should, in accordance with the prescribed management authority and the principle of territorial management, comprehensively consider factors such as the level of economic and social development, the cost of education and training, and the affordability of the masses, reasonably determine the charging standards for tuition fees (conservation and education fees) and accommodation fees of public schools, and establish a dynamic adjustment mechanism for charging standards that is compatible with funding and funding levels. If there is any change in the school charging policy, it should be publicized to the public before the release of the enrollment brochure. Encourage all localities to adapt to the teaching organization mode under the flexible academic system and explore the implementation of credit system charge management in colleges and universities. In schools that have been approved to implement credit system fees, the total tuition fees paid by students who normally complete their studies according to the credit system training program shall not be higher than the total tuition fees for the implementation of the academic year system in principle, and other professional courses are added or re-courses are re-taken. Schools can charge fees according to the credit charging standards stipulated in the courses. Tuition and accommodation fees shall be charged according to the academic year or semester, and shall not be collected in advance across academic years (semesters). If students drop out of school, drop out of school, finish their studies early or transfer with approval, the school should reasonably determine the amount of refund according to the actual study time. All localities should fully implement the state’s various financial aid policies, help students with financial difficulties to solve practical problems, and must not affect their normal study and life because of the adjustment of tuition standards.

　　(ten) to strengthen the education and training cost investigation. Timely revise and improve the Measures for the Supervision and Examination of Education and Training Costs in Colleges and Universities (Trial), and organize the supervision and examination of the annual average education and training costs in colleges and universities. In accordance with the pricing authority, according to the Price Law, the Measures for the Supervision and Examination of Price Costs Formulated by the Government, etc., combined with local conditions, all provinces actively carry out the investigation of education and training costs in kindergartens, ordinary high schools and secondary vocational schools, and standardize the investigation behavior of education and training costs. Schools at all levels and of all types should strengthen cost accounting, and record and account the education and training costs completely and accurately.

　　(eleven) standardize the hearing system of education fee decision. All localities should formulate or adjust tuition fees and other charging standards of various schools at all levels organized by the government in strict accordance with the authority and procedures prescribed by the state, include them in the catalogue of pricing hearings and conduct hearings, fully solicit opinions from relevant sectors of society, and ensure the democratic, scientific and transparent decision-making on education fees. If the standard of education fees is lowered, or the adjustment of the standard of education fees involves a small area, the hearing may adopt a summary procedure. To formulate other educational charging standards, and if necessary, a hearing can also be held.

　　(twelve) strictly implement the publicity system of education fees. All localities should strictly implement the publicity system of education fees, and no fees shall be charged without publicity. All kinds of schools at all levels should establish and improve the standardized dynamic management system of charge publicity and take the initiative to accept social supervision. The charging items and standards should be publicized to students in a prominent position in the school, and indicated in the enrollment brochure and the admission notice. In the compulsory education stage, the charging standard of private schools should be publicized together with the subsidy of public funds per student obtained by schools. Students have the right to refuse to pay fees that should be publicized but not publicized according to the regulations, or fees that are inconsistent with the prescribed policies. When the charging policy changes, the school should update the publicity content in time to ensure that the publicity content is legal and effective. All localities should strictly implement the list of administrative fees such as education fees, and shall not increase the fees and expand the scope of fees without authorization.

　　(thirteen) to strengthen the management of education fees. Tuition and accommodation fees of public ordinary high schools and secondary vocational schools, tuition fees, accommodation fees, entrusted training fees of public institutions of higher learning, night and short-term training fees of Handu Radio and TV University, etc., as business income, are included in the financial special account management according to the requirements of "two lines of revenue and expenditure". Public kindergarten fee income management according to the existing regulations. Service fee income shall be charged by the school according to the regulations; On behalf of the school fee income all transferred to provide services units, shall not be included in the school income. Schools should incorporate all the income and expenditure of education fees into departmental budget management and increase the overall planning of funds; The expenses related to the arrangement of education fees shall be included in the standardized management of the project library according to the regulations. Combined with other income such as education fees, we will make overall arrangements for the budget of financial allocation to give better play to the efficiency of the use of financial funds. All localities shall not use the school fee income to balance the budget, and shall not occupy, intercept, transfer or misappropriate the school fee funds in any form. Private school fee income should be paid into the school bank account filed by the education administrative department for unified management, which is mainly used for education and teaching activities, improving school conditions and ensuring the treatment of faculty and staff, and drawing development funds according to relevant laws and regulations. When collecting administrative fees, schools should use the financial bills printed (supervised) by the financial department in accordance with the financial affiliation, use the corresponding tax invoices when collecting service fees, and use the fund settlement bills when collecting fees.

　　Fourth, strengthen the governance of education fees

　　(fourteen) the implementation of education fees supervision responsibility. Education fees adhere to the principle of "who approves and who is responsible". The member units of the joint conference on the control of arbitrary charges in education shall, according to their respective responsibilities, incorporate education charges into the catalogue management, adjust them dynamically in a timely manner and announce them to the public in a timely manner, and supervise the implementation of relevant charging items and charging standards according to law; Strengthen the cost investigation of education fees, and establish and improve the dynamic adjustment mechanism of fees; Strengthen the supervision and inspection of fees in the field of education, and investigate and deal with illegal fees according to law; Strengthen the price management of teaching materials and supplementary materials; Guide schools at all levels to implement the education charging policy and standardize the charging behavior. All kinds of schools at all levels should strictly implement the prescribed charging scope, charging items, charging standards and charging methods, and establish and improve the school charging management system.

　　(fifteen) improve the management mechanism of education fees. All localities should attach great importance to the management of education fees, establish and improve the leadership system and working mechanism, and persist in systematically promoting the management of education fees. The member units of the joint meeting of the local governments to control unreasonable charges in education should make overall coordination, improve the mechanism of regular consultation and information release, form a work pattern of charge management with clear responsibilities, collaborative linkage and mutual promotion, and strengthen the governance of education charges in key areas. It is necessary to bring the management of education fees into the scope of education supervision. Explore the establishment of a special audit system for school fees, focus on strengthening the audit of non-profit private schools, and prohibit the organizers of non-profit private schools and non-profit Chinese-foreign cooperatively-run schools from obtaining income from school-running income such as tuition fees, distributing school-running balance (surplus property) or transferring school-running income through related transactions and related parties in various ways.

　　(sixteen) to increase the investigation and punishment of illegal charges. All localities should strengthen the daily supervision and regular inspection of education fees, establish and improve the risk early warning of education fees, acceptance of letters and visits, supervision and supervision, public notification and interview mechanisms, and seriously deal with the problems of illegal fees found. Establish and improve the accountability mechanism, the main responsibility of charge management is not implemented, measures are not in place, damage the vital interests of the masses, resulting in adverse social impact of the units and related responsible persons should be seriously accountable. If the illegal charges of private schools have a bad influence, the enrollment plan and financial support funds will be deducted according to the law until the school license is revoked or revoked.

　　(seventeen) to strengthen the basic capacity building of education fee management. Implement the "National Education System Financial Management Cadre Training Implementation Plan", organize and carry out education fee management training, and improve the ability and level of education fee management. All localities should make full use of modern information technology, explore the establishment of an annual statistical reporting system for education fees, strengthen the management of education fees, further strengthen service awareness, and improve service capacity and level.

　　The management of educational fees in scientific research institutes and party schools at all levels shall be implemented with reference to this opinion, and the policies for the management of fees in institutions affiliated to education departments at all levels shall be formulated separately.

There is such a car, which has experienced 46 years of history and is still enduring. Its emergence perfectly explains the compact hatchback.

This car is not only a household name in China, but also fascinated by a large number of fans all over the world. German Chancellor Angela Merkel and football superstar David Beckham are its owners. It isVolkswagen Golf.

The first generation of golf: 1974-1983

In May 1974, the first generation of golf officially entered people’s sight.. Italian car designer Giorgetto put forward the design concept of "origami", with angular overall shape, black plastic air intake grille, two round headlights, straight bumper and simple lines, which are very intriguing.

The first generation of golf used a hatchback design, and there are two versions of three-door hatchback and five-door hatchback.

The engine adopts front drive, and the chassis suspension adopts front McPherson and rear semi-trailing arm dependent suspension.

In terms of power, the first-generation golf that was originally launched was equipped with a 1.1-liter inline four-cylinder engine.Since then, golf with 1.3-liter, 1.5-liter, 1.6-liter and 1.7-liter gasoline engines and 1.5-liter and 1.6-liter diesel engines have been introduced one after another, matched with 4-speed and 5-speed manual gearboxes and 3-speed automatic gearboxes.

In June 1976, Volkswagen introduced the Golf GTI, a golf derivative model.

The acceleration time of 0-100km/h is only 9 seconds for a 1.6L engine with 108 horsepower.This data is a very attractive car even now. Perhaps golf has defined what a real "small steel gun" is.

The global sales of the first generation golf totaled 6,780,050 sets, so the "National God Car" gained a firm foothold.

The second generation of golf: 1983-1992

In August 1983, Volkswagen introduced the second generation golf, and the models were still three-door and five-door hatchbacks.. Although the head shape of the second generation golf seems to have no obvious change from that of the first generation, it is smoother as a whole, and the size of the whole car has increased compared with that of the first generation, and the wheelbase has increased by about 70mm to 2470 mm.

In terms of power, the second generation golf is equipped with 1.3-liter, 1.6-liter and 1.8-liter inline four-cylinder engines. According to different models, the second generation golf is equipped with 4-speed and 5-speed manual gearboxes and 3-speed automatic gearboxes to choose from.The global sales of the second generation golf totaled about 6,301,000 sets.

The Third Generation Golf: 1991-1997

The third generation of golf appeared in August 1991.In terms of appearance, the third generation golf is more rounded, and the headlight shape has become an inner oval style. The turn signals and fog lights on both sides of the bumper are designed in one piece, and the thick black rubbing strips echo with the black lips below. Configuration has increased, such as electric sunroof, remote control key and airbag.

It is worth mentioning that,The 2.8L VR6 naturally aspirated engine was used for the first time in the third generation golf.. By 1994, the engine displacement of Golf VR6 was increased to 2.9L. Within a six-year life cycle,About 4,805,900 sets of third-generation golf were sold.Although the competition of hatchback cars is becoming increasingly fierce, millions of sales still prove the strong product strength of the third generation golf.

The Fourth Generation Golf: 1997-2003

The fourth generation of golf should be the most impressive for domestic consumers.Because FAW-Volkswagen introduced it to China in 2003.

The fourth generation golf, which was introduced in 1997, has gradually become familiar with people. The design concept of the car follows the "arched" design language of Volkswagen in that year, that is, "Arched" design language.At the same time, this generation of golf put the Volkswagen logo in the middle of the steering wheel, and it is still in use today.

Domestic golf is equipped with naturally aspirated engines with displacement of 1.6L, 1.8L and 2.0L.This year (2003) was also the year when overseas golf models were discontinued. However, the domestically produced golf still maintained the high quality of overseas models, which can be described as full of virtue.

In fact, Golf 4 also has GTI version, but FAW-Volkswagen did not introduce it, which also led many golf fans to transplant Audi TT engine in the later period to achieve GTI performance.

In 2002, Volkswagen introduced the Golf R32, which was equipped with the same 3.2L V6 engine of Audi TT, and the acceleration time of 0-100km/h was only 6.6s This kind of power should be the peak of the small steel gun at that time.

The Fifth Generation Golf: 2003-2008

Volkswagen released the fifth generation golf at the Frankfurt Motor Show in October 2003., and it was officially released one month later. After nearly 30 years of evolution, the recognition of golf design has become stronger. The body size has also been continuously lengthened, reaching 4204X1759X1479mm (length/width/height) and the wheelbase is 2578 mm.

Due to the hot sale of Golf 4 in the domestic market, and considering that the fifth generation golf is not very popular in Europe, it has not been introduced into China.

This generation also has GTI version, 2.0T engine, the maximum power is 197 horsepower, and the acceleration time from 0 to 100 km/h is only 6.9sHowever, due to the high import price, many domestic fans missed their dreams. Although golf is not on fire, its sedan version is on fire-Sagitar.

Sixth Generation Golf: 2008-2013

The 6th Generation Golf debuted at the Paris Motor Show in 2008., which is based on the upgrade of PQ35 platform of the fifth generation golf. The inspiration of the new car comes from the first and fourth generation golf. The shape of the blackened headlights on the front of the car has changed slightly, and the curve on the inside of the headlights has been changed to a nearly right-angle design.

In 2009, the sixth generation golf models continued to be imported from FAW-Volkswagen. This generation of cars is also the first car for many domestic consumers. The overall working materials and configuration level of the interior have been strengthened, and good sales results have been achieved in both domestic and other markets.

Although there are only 1.6L and 1.4T engines made in China, they still can’t resist the buying enthusiasm of domestic consumers, and once there was a phenomenon of raising the price to pick up the car.

However, the problem was quickly exposed, that is, the life of the 7-speed dry dual-clutch gearbox.Many car owners feedback that the vehicle shifts jitter, abnormal noise, and sometimes even insufficient power output. Although Volkswagen finally gave the promise of extending the gearbox warranty, consumers were very sad about this hurdle.

It is worth mentioning that,In March 2010, the domestic golf GTI was officially listed, with a price of 235,800 yuan.. The domestic production of golf GTI injected fresh blood into the gradually refined automobile market at that time. Domestic golf GTI is basically the same as overseas models, but the power is weakened.Adopt the same 200 HP 2.0TSI engine as Magotan.

In 2011, Golf R was officially imported and sold in China, which brought good news to "steel cannon" lovers.

Seventh Generation Golf: 2013-present

At the 2012 Paris Motor Show, the seventh generation of golf was officially unveiled., sharing the MQB platform with Audi A3, and being equipped with 1.2T EA211 engine for the first time, the power and fuel economy have been improved.

The body size has been improved, with the length, width, height and wheelbase of 4259/1799/1476mm and the wheelbase of 2637mm respectively.

The appearance is more tough, and the headlights are perfectly integrated with the air intake grille. Standard LED daytime running lights and LED taillights also make Gao 7 more avant-garde, and all these changes make its prospects look almost perfect.

However, for the sake of cost, the seventh-generation golf rear suspension is reduced to torsion beam non-independent suspension.This incident was suddenly detonated in the domestic market. This time, Volkswagen was forced to make a change again, changing the rear suspension of the 1.4T model into an independent suspension in the redesigned model, and this matter subsided slightly.

However, even if the suspension is changed and the DSG gearbox is improved, it is difficult for Golf 7 to reach the peak of Golf 6.

Eighth Generation Golf (2020)

On October 24, 2019, the eighth generation golf was officially released in Wolfsburg, the birthplace.. After 45 years, Volkswagen Golf has been deeply rooted in people’s hearts, and many people have their own unique feelings for it. The evolution of golf is more like a microcosm of the evolution of German industry.

Golf can be regarded as one of the most classic models.For this kind of vehicles with inheritance responsibility, shape design is particularly important.

Can’t easily make too much change, because it is still a golf; But it has to be changed, because it has attracted much attention.Therefore, if the designers want to make a breakthrough in design, they must innovate.

At the beginning of the design, Klaus Bischoff, the design director of Volkswagen brand, put forward the design of the eighth generation golf.More fluent, more sporty and more unique."requirements. Compared with the seventh-generation model, the front of Golf 8 is flatter and lower, and the new LED daytime running lights look more unique.

Digitalization "is the main design language of this generation of car interior." The interior eliminates a large number of physical buttons, and the 10.25-inch LCD instrument panel is matched with the 8.25-inch central control screen.

In addition, the automatic transmission model will cancel the mechanical shift mechanism and replace it with an electronic shift lever.The newly designed bumper is somewhat similar to the Porsche 911, but shorter and smaller in size.

In terms of power, two gasoline engines-a 1.0t three-cylinder engine and a 1.5T four-cylinder engine-will be launched soon after domestic production.

At present, the GTI model has been released overseas, and it is believed that it will be introduced into China in the near future. At the same time, the "GT" family may also introduce GTE models.

Golf is still golf, which can never be replaced by fans.