Submit information and make an appointment for consultation. For more information, please enter the company email address to check the details. If you have any questions, please send an email to the following email address to inquire about data-group@gasgoo.com’s consultation telephone number: 021-39586681. Submit the replay of Dazhuo Zhijia Small Classroom immediately. (8) How to break through the limitations of traditional algorithm perception end to end? +Pay attention to Gaishi Automobile Bi Yuling 2025-03-26 How much you know about intelligent driving, and Da Zhuozhi drives a small class to take you to quickly increase your knowledge! Issue 8: How to break through the perceptual limitations of traditional algorithms end to end? 8 WeChat Friends Circle Related Articles Electrochromic Glass: Transparent/Privacy One-click Get Bi Yuling Geshi Automobile Zhou Xiaoying Organizer Welcome Speech The 6th Software-Defined Automobile Forum and AUTOSAR China Geshi Live Broadcast Junda Zhuozhi Driving Small Classroom (7) What kind of solution does it need to drive out to sea? Bi Yuling’s great wisdom drives a small classroom (6) What are the problems faced by wisdom driving out to sea? Bi Yuling commented on opening the APP and seeing more comments. The global vision of the Geshi Auto APP, the voice of China, come and experience it. Open the prompt and automatically close it after 2 seconds.

[Text/Observer Network Li Zexi]

AOC in2018Elected the first in New York State in.14Members of the constituency, just took office with three other members (including Omar) jointly created the "left-wing squad" (The Squad）。 They often rely on social media to interact with their fans, and AOC has the highest number of fans on Twitter among members of the House of Representatives. At present, the "left wing squad" has existed.fiveFamous womenoneA male member of parliament frequently opposes the democratic establishment, for example, because he does not think that the democratic party2021The "Infrastructure Investment and Employment Law" promoted did not go far enough and all voted against it. Left-wing squadfiveFamous women19Arrested every day.

This article is an exclusive manuscript of Observer. It cannot be reproduced without authorization.

Time Network News The animated family movie "Animal City in Manggu" was announced to be released nationwide on November 19th, and at the same time, a preview and poster were released. The hero of the film is an ordinary Xiao Lv named Manggu, dressed in a handsome king uniform, posing as a funny king, and leading many animals to start a funny and hilarious adventure in the animal city.

Ordinary Xiao Lv big dream

Laundryman turned into a new king

The film tells the story of the Lion King’s decision to hold a democratic election in the jungle kingdom when he retires. Unexpectedly, the ordinary Xiao Lv Manggu, a laborer and dreamer, was crowned the king, which led to a series of hilarious and funny events in the whole animal city.

In the preview, this is an ordinary Xiao Lv Manggu, handsomely dressed in the king’s uniform, smartly crowned himself, and slowly walked to the center of the throne under the solemn ceremony of the animal kingdom. Then, unexpectedly, a clever man woke up from his sleep in an instant. It turned out that becoming a king was just an unrealistic imagination.

In reality, Manggu is an ordinary laundryman in Animal City, doing an ordinary job and living an ordinary life, but he left a deep impression on everyone in Animal City with his positive and funny personality.

By chance, Mungo came to the Royal Palace in Animal City and had a funny conversation with Ms. Fitna, the special adviser of the king. After happily introducing the identity of the laundryman, a funny adventure far beyond Mungo’s expectation was about to burst into laughter in Animal City …

In the finalized poster released at the same time, the ordinary Xiao Lv Manggu, whose crown on his head turned into a king, stood in front of the palace of the animal kingdom, holding his chest with his hands crossed, showing a happy look, and the details of clothing texture and character hair and skin were exquisite and delicate.

Fixed poster

Pakistani animation film masterpiece

Laughter, adventure, family fun

As an excellent Pakistani animated film, Animal City in Manggu is full of joy, with delicate and rich characters, which opens a happy journey of the whole animal city from the perspective of ordinary Xiao Lv.

At present, the preview has already appeared in the king’s special adviser, Fox Fitna, the brave and powerful rhinoceros bodyguard Su Bedal and Manggu’s warm-hearted uncle Pellouin. As a laundryman, Xiao Lv’s Manggu is optimistic and cheerful, dares to dream big, and has an interesting chemical reaction with the high-ranking king, but his uncle Pellouin teaches him not to daydreaming.

As an animated family movie, Mang Gu’s Animal City not only contains many cute and interesting animal characters, but also presents Mang Gu’s dream trip in a relaxed and interesting way.

1905 movie network news "Long live the movie!"

　

At 18: 00 French time on June 3, the official film list was announced at the Cannes Film Festival in 2020. Thierry Frémaux, the artistic director, then released a note introducing the overall situation of this year’s film selection.

　

This year, the global film industry was greatly affected by the epidemic, and the Cannes Film Festival had to be cancelled due to the epidemic.

　

"Long live the movie! （Viva il cinema！ ) "Fumao takes this classic quote by Italian director Ferini as the conclusion, and sends his best wishes to the present and future of the film.

　

This year marks the centenary birthday of Ferini and Hou Mai, one of the "Five Tigers of the French New Wave", and the 20th anniversary of Wong Kar-wai’s classic films. Originally, Cannes will hold a series of restoration screening and tribute activities, both online and offline, but now they can’t be seen.

　

The Cannes Film Festival was originally scheduled to be held from May 12 to 23 this year. After the outbreak of the French epidemic, the film festival was postponed to July, but the French authorities announced that they could not hold large-scale cultural activities in summer. Considering that Venice and Toronto film festivals would be held in the future, Cannes insisted on the cinema screening mode and finally decided to stop.

　

Closure does not mean disappearance.

　

In Cannes in summer, the sea breeze, golden beaches and swaying palm leaves … Although we can’t see the competition on the red carpet this year, we can’t see how many minutes of applause lasted in the movie palace, which film was the highest and lowest score in the field, and who won the Palme d ‘Or award in the end … … However, Cannes still launched a shortlist of 56 new films.

This is an unprecedented film list.

　

Unlike previous years, it is no longer divided into main competition unit, non-competition screening, a kind of attention unit, midnight screening and special screening. All 56 films are put into an official unit and uniformly labeled as "Cannes Official Selection".

　

These selected films are divided into seven categories: loyalists, new visitors, short films, first feature films, documentaries, comedies and cartoons.

　

Among them, some films will be released in autumn and winter this year, and some will later go to Toronto, Locarno, San Sebastian, new york, Tokyo and other film festivals to participate in competitions or screenings.

Cannes is closed. What’s the point of this film list?

　

Stamping 56 new films is not only to improve the quality of these films, but also to promote their better performance in the international sales market.

　

"Push the film to the center of the world, and we will witness the powerful existence and amazing vitality of the film!" Fu Mao said that this is the mission of Cannes Film Festival as always.

Is the film festival "explosive" coming?

On the Cannes stage, Chinese films are still not absent.

　

Last year, there were equal teams, and this year, two teams were selected — — And.

　

"Band of Seven" is directed by Sammo Hung, Xu Anhua, Tan Jiaming, Yuan Heping, Du Qifeng, Lin Lingdong and Tsui Hark, and seven big-name directors in China Hong Kong film circle.

The film was successfully approved at the end of last year. According to the synopsis of the story, it is a collection of short films paying tribute to "film", which records stories belonging to different generations with film, similar to "assorted films" such as "I love you in Paris".

　

The original name of Band of Seven is Eight and a Half, which was announced as early as 2015. Eight and a Half comes from Ferini’s classic of the same name. The title refers to both the number of films directed by Ferini and the ninth film that Guido, the hero of the film, has not finished shooting.

　

The name "Eight and a Half" has a misty complex, and it also points to eight directors. Originally, John Woo was involved, but due to physical reasons, the film had to be renamed. In addition, Lin Lingdong, the director, died in 2018, and some of his films were finished before his death. The Band of Seven also became Lin Lingdong’s posthumous work.

　

There are both Hong Kong film veterans and mainland star faces in the film list. Wei Shujun, the young director’s first feature film, "Wild Horse with a mane", successfully won the official entry mark of Cannes.

　

This is the second time that Wei Shujun became attached to Cannes. In 2018, he won the special honor award of Cannes short film competition unit for his short film.

　

"Yanbian Teenager" shows the realistic creative style and concerns about the theme of teenagers’ growth. This feature film also continues to focus on the story of teenagers’ youth, starring Zhou You and Zheng Yingchen, telling the story of Akun, who is about to graduate, whose life has changed after he met his second-hand jeep.

　

In terms of foreign films, several popular films were selected without accident, keeping the basic disk of Cannes.

　

The "Loyalist" category refers to the frequent visitors who have been selected to Cannes. Wes anderson’s is the hottest, and Hollywood is full of stars. It was very likely to appear as the opening film.

　

According to the official introduction, this is a love letter dedicated to 20th century journalists, with three story lines. alexandre desplat praised wes anderson as the best in his career. The film is also likely to be shown at the Toronto Film Festival later.

　

A familiar face from Cannes and Naomi Kawase, a Japanese female directors, was selected for the "N th time". The new film "Dawn is Coming" tells the story of a couple who can’t have children adopting an early pregnant female student, and will explore the meaning of "becoming a mother" and "mother herself" from multiple perspectives.

　

Another "Cannes lineal", French female directors Ma? Wenn’s "Reaching the True Love" can’t be ignored. She won the jury award in Cannes for "Police Officer" and the romantic film was also shortlisted in the main competition in Cannes and won the best actress award.

　

Lars von Trier’s good brother, Danish director thomas vinterberg, one of the initiators of the "Dogma 95" film aesthetic movement, was selected as the "Alcohol Plan" eight years after he violated the Cannes Film Festival. The hero is still mads mikkelsen, the "uncle" in the old work, telling the story of high school teachers’ persistent drunkenness experiment and discussing the middle-aged crisis.

Ou Rong’s "Summer of’ 85" is like another film, which leads the audience back to the summer of 1985 and follows the growth time of two teenagers with retro music, cheerful dance and heat wave in the sun.

Prior to this, Ou Rong was shortlisted for the main competition unit in Cannes for three times, and all of them failed. Although I was selected this time, I regret that I can’t compete for the award.

　

Steve mcqueen, the British director of Twelve Years a Slave, brought two series movies, Lover’s Rock and Mangrove. These two works are from the first two episodes of the BBC series "Little Axe", which was originally planned to be six episodes and five hours long, and finally expanded into five feature films, focusing on the lives of the first generation of British West Indian immigrants.

　

The category of "new arrivals" refers to the works of directors who were shortlisted for Cannes for the first time. Among them, the works of British director Francis Lee have gained a lot of attention, and Kate Winslet and Saoirse Ronan performed together, and the casting configuration is very eye-catching.

　

In terms of feature film debut, in addition to the China film Wild Horse with a mane, the directorial debut of Viggo Mortenson, starring Aragon, is also worth mentioning. The film premiered in Sundance and received good reviews. Variety describes that mortensen’s film style is very similar to Eastwood’s later works.

　

If the Cannes Film Festival is not cancelled this year, we can also see the historic picture of Pixar and Ghibli, two world animation brands competing together.

　

Soul is the second work released by Pixar after "1/2 Magic" this year. The quality of "1/2 Magic" is not satisfactory, and more fans place their hopes on this musical animation.

　

Soul is created by a team, and his creative concept is similar to Inside Out+.This paper discusses the meaning of "death" and "soul".

On the other side is Miyazaki Hayao’s son Goro Miyazaki’s animated film Aya and the Witch, which was personally supervised by Miyazaki Hayao and Ghibli’s first full 3D+CG animated feature film. The original author’s children’s novel of the same name is adapted as a blueprint, telling the story of Aya, a young girl, who was adopted by a mean witch.

　

For a long time, Goro Miyazaki can’t escape the comparison between him and his father. In those days, his feature-length debut "The Legend of Earthsea" suffered a lot of bad reviews, which made him once devastated. Can he hold his head high and create his own light this time?

What’s the wind blowing in Cannes this year?

In the past, the number of short-listed films in the main competition unit of Cannes was about 21. Judging from these officially selected films, according to the standards of previous years, less than ten films could be selected for the main competition unit.

　

On the one hand, some films that can wait until next year will choose to participate in the Cannes Film Festival in 2021 and launch an impact on the awards.

　

Including Leo Calaque’s song and dance films with adam driver and marion cotillard, paul verhoeven’s nun film Our Lady, Bruno Dumont’s It’s Half a Sunny Morning and Serebrennikov’s Flu in Petrov.

　

On the other hand, some popular films have not been made or are not loyal enough. Because Cannes cooperated with Venice to skip tickets, they are likely to run out to attend the Venice Film Festival in September, the Berlin Film Festival in early 2021 or other film festivals.

　

For example, Memory, directed by Ildikó Enyedi, hit the rocks by Sophia Coppola, Bergman Island by Mia Hansen Love, Three Stories by nanni moretti, a frequent visitor to Cannes, and the spy’s wife by Kiyoshi Kurosawa.

　

Compared with the past, this is a film list that has been greatly discounted in terms of heat and topic, but it has also created many new records.

　

According to reports, this year, a total of 2,067 films signed up for the official unit of the Cannes Film Festival, and the number of registrations exceeded 2,000 for the first time. In 2010, the number was only 1,665.

　

The range of participating countries and regions is also expanding. This year, films from 147 countries and regions signed up, compared with 138 in 2019, an increase of 9.

　

Among 532 films directed by women, 16 films directed by women were selected, which is more than before, indicating that the quality of female directors’s works has been improved.

　

At the same time, Cannes also began to pay attention to comedy types, and specially recommended five French comedies in the film list. Whether this number will become more next year can be further seen.

　

However, the biggest feature of this film list is the support for new directors, with 15 directors’ first films accounting for 26.7% of the total, exceeding the previous data.

　

Whether it’s because this year’s popular films and the works of direct directors gave up their seats, Houlang people have more opportunities to enter the room and make their mark, especially during the epidemic, which is more encouraging for these newcomers.

　

　"We have never had so many filmmakers selected for the official unit for the first time, which proves the vitality of the film and the investment and support of the film festival for future films," Fu Mao said.

Cannes Film Festival is destined to write a short story in 2020, and the appearance of this official shortlist has brought comfort and vitality to filmmakers and fans. As Fumao said, "Le cinéma est vivant", the spirit of Cannes has not disappeared, and it still exists this year.

　

Waiting for May next year, the lights will go out, the curtain will open, the music will ring, the screen of the movie palace will flash, and the Cannes Film Festival will officially return!

Original sesame and HELEN peanut net

Once I was chatting with my daughter’s classmate’s mother, and she said that she was envious of my family’s good grades in every subject. I said it was a big misunderstanding. So she asked me to tell her which subject was not good. I said: Math. Then she smiled and said I was being sarcastic.

I laughed, too. Think about my daughter’s perfect score in math or the first in her class every time she entered the fourth grade. I also said that she was not good at math, so would she have no friends if she chattered like this? But I think I’m telling the truth, because in all subjects, my daughter shows the least interest and conscious investment in mathematics. Judging from her childhood, her interest in mathematics is not much. But this doesn’t mean that we can’t learn math well, nor does it mean that we won’t have a strong interest in math in the future.

So, today I want to record my thoughts on children’s math learning and cheer up the children who have little interest in math like us. Then, how to learn math well if you are not interested enough?

This article was published by Huayou @ Sesame and HELEN in Little Peanut Writing Plan.

First, I will share my three key points about the cultivation of my daughter’s mathematics learning ability:

Cultivation logic

Understand the concept

Looking for patterns

Cultivation logic

Logic is the basis of learning everything, and logical thinking is very important for children’s growth. Mathematics is inseparable from logic, and the formation of a person’s logical thinking develops with rationality and needs to be cultivated from an early age.

1. Borrow picture books and mystery novels to cultivate logic

During my daughter’s kindergarten, I also moved all kinds of math picture books home, but what she could accept was very limited, and she often encountered the situation of throwing them out and not reading them.

What’s more, the three-year-old brother gave her his favorite logic dog, and the two-and-a-half-year-old daughter turned to leave after playing, which was a far cry from his obsession. What should we do? We use other picture books to make up for it. In fact, in addition to math picture books, there are many picture books with strong logic, and many picture books contain math knowledge and concepts. But they are more story-telling and literary than math picture books, and they are more suitable for children who are good at liberal arts.

Here are a few simple examples.

Speaking of picture books with strong stories and good logic, I recommend Gagurizi’s books. For example, the series "Crow Bakery" is all about solving problems, among which there are better mathematical thinking.

The following book is about the development history of the house, and thinking is a line running through it.

In addition, picture books with mathematical concepts, 365 Penguins, 12 Big Troubles of Rabbits and so on are also very good.

There are also Korean and Japanese mathematics enlightenment books, and Li Yupei’s mathematics enlightenment stories, which are also very story-telling.

In primary school, my daughter likes Sherlock Holmes, and this kind of mystery novel can also exercise children’s logical thinking.

Similarly, Keigo Higashino’s books will do.

2. Daily communication and exercise logic

Daily communication with children should also pay attention to whether the dialogue is logical and should be expressed clearly and concisely. Only in this way can children be trained to form an efficient and simple way of thinking.

In addition, having a debate at home or having a discussion on current events will exercise children’s logical thinking.

There is also a family reading sharing meeting that we enjoy. Every time, children need to clear their minds, introduce us to the content of a book, the reasons for recommendation, their own understanding of the book, etc., and also ask questions according to our sharing content. These processes are also a challenge to her logical thinking.

3. Exercise logical thinking through games

Letting children invent games by themselves is a good way to exercise logical thinking. Setting the rules of the game must form a logical closed loop, which needs to be rigorous and interesting. Playing games can also exercise logical thinking, and most educational toys are actually based on the promotion of logical thinking.

Understand the concept

I think learning mathematics in primary school should aim at laying a foundation. How to lay this foundation, I think the key is to have a process of thinking and understanding the concept. In the pre-school stage, we didn’t teach our children to calculate, but took her to know and be familiar with numbers from various angles. In preschool and the first grade of primary school, my daughter was fascinated by han sheng mathematics. I think this set of books is very helpful for understanding mathematical concepts.

Reading every book, we need to find the material, and discuss it while doing it. To tell the truth, it takes a lot of effort, but it is also very rewarding. During that time, the child shared a lot of her understanding of mathematics with us.

Looking for patterns

In daily chat, we will discuss and discover mathematical laws together. For example, on a way home, the daughter who just learned addition figured out the multiplication table herself, which made her very happy. After knowing integer operation, she advanced to decimal operation, positive and negative operation. In the process of finding the law, we have once again verified the importance of understanding the concept.

With the passage of time, my daughter has taken a little interest in mathematics. I think it is not difficult to learn mathematics well by doing the above three points (logic, concept and law).

Further share our experiences in the lower grades of primary school.

Six mathematical enlightenment practices

My enlightenment to children’s mathematics has always been in an unconscious state. But mathematics in life is really everywhere, and the so-called enlightenment has been completed unconsciously. The following are some enlightenment experiences in the lower grades of primary school, which may bring you some reference.

1. Counting and recognizing numbers: My daughter gave me great surprises when she counted in front of me for the first time and recognized Arabic numerals for the first time. Because our whole family didn’t realize that we had to enlighten our children at that time. But the child unconsciously learned it by himself. Why? Because we usually use these numbers. For a daughter, watching how adults use numbers may be as natural a learning process as using chopsticks. Integrating numbers into the language and letting children feel the meaning of numbers may be regarded as our initial mathematics enlightenment for children.

2. Know the score, percentage, decimal, positive and negative numbers: The daughter knows the score and percentage when cutting her nails. When children were young, they were impatient with nail cutting, so I used questions to distract her. How many have you cut now? How many are left? How many parts have you finished cutting? What’s the percentage difference? Unexpectedly, as long as you ask questions step by step, your daughter can answer them.

Going up the stairs and looking at the thermometer are good opportunities to know positive and negative numbers. During kindergarten, my daughter understood the concept of negative numbers and saw how to use positive and negative numbers to express different directions and deal with more complicated problems. Later, naturally, I understood the meaning of absolute value.

Go to the market to buy food, and naturally use decimals. In the first grade, I went to the market to buy food, and my daughter settled the accounts herself, which was very good. Buy more than a dozen dishes, yuan jiao fen can also be calculated clearly. In order to facilitate the calculation, she used decimals.

3. Deepen the perception of numbers in chatting: I am very willing to chat with children and talk about everything. We will talk about our favorite numbers and think which one is particularly different. Children’s understanding of numbers can also be seen from these chats. Including mathematical concepts such as approximate number, infinity and limit, we have all brought them in in small talk.

Here’s a girl’s opinion about numbers:

What is "zero"?

She said: Zero is the origin of the universe. You can find a number anywhere, and you can find a number corresponding to it through zero. Zero not only means nothing, but also has many other meanings. For example, zero can mean the horizon.

A useless number.

My daughter thinks that some numbers are useless, such as very, very large numbers, which are so big that few people can use them. Moreover, when the number you want to count is that big, you don’t care what it is. Others are because it has been changing, so it is meaningless to count the specific figures. For example, how many bacteria are there in the world, or how many bacteria are there in a person. It’s changing all the time, and it’s fast. If you want to say exactly how much it is, you have to talk about units much smaller than seconds.

4. Different solutions to a problem: I don’t pay much attention to where the child’s math class has gone, and whether she has done the problem correctly. I am more concerned about what kind of problem-solving ideas she has when she encounters problems. From simple addition and subtraction to complex application problems, I will discuss with her how many solutions there are. Now the same is true for her classmates. If the first method is not understood, she will use the second and third methods to answer it.

5. Break through a little bit every time: I like to let my children try what the teacher hasn’t taught. If you know the addition and subtraction within 20, you will figure out what is within 100 and what is within 1000. If you know addition, let the children ponder multiplication by themselves. Knowing how to multiply single digits, I figured out how to multiply two digits by one digit and two digits by two digits. Give children a chance to explore for themselves.

6. Develop thinking in the game: We don’t brush the questions, but we brush the games. Sudoku, board games and poker, these three items are all related to mathematics. Especially board games, there are very rich resources now. It is very helpful to train children’s concentration and memory, sense of space, logical thinking and problem-solving ability.

Share our mathematics enlightenment book list simultaneously

Like me, she hasn’t read so many math books. When I was a child, I liked a set of math games in Itsumi Taro, and later I was in han sheng. Now I just started studying terrible science.

In a word, I don’t care much about my children’s mathematics. I haven’t read any books about the enlightenment of mathematics, nor have I taken my children to study and practice systematically. I just learn what I encounter in my life, and I hope I can find more wonderful things on the way in the future.

digression

A few days ago, I posted a post in the hope that the flower friends would contribute to the daily performance of Niu Wa in Mathematics. Now I will share my statistical results with you.

Love to do problems: 14 votes (of which 4 votes mean love to challenge difficult problems)

Strong logical thinking ability: 7 votes

Like to deduce formulas and theorems, and sum up laws: 7 votes.

Like to sort out the relationship between knowledge points and master the links between old and new knowledge: 3 votes.

Like self-study (learning in advance): 2 votes

The other 1-vote items are: understanding ability, like reading math books, like playing math games.

Flower friends have discerning eyes, and all these projects are helpful for math learning. If we find that children also have such ability, or occasionally make such performance, we will encourage them. The above views are for your reference only. On the way of learning mathematics, I look forward to your company and getting better and better.

Original title: "Daughters who have no interest in mathematics since childhood, almost all the exams after the fourth grade are full marks, methods and books …"

Read the original text

　　HPV (human papillomavirus vaccine) vaccine reservation market "yellow cattle" is active. Recently, Qing Liu (pseudonym), a citizen of Guangzhou, also saw relevant news in the circle of friends, "There are still a few 9-valent HPV vaccine appointments this week. Inoculation community: XX Community Hospital, Panyu District; Vaccine: 1331/ needle ×3 needles, paid at the community hospital, with an appointment service fee of 3,000 yuan, and paid at Noah’s clinic. "

　　In fact, there is no need to pay extra fees for booking vaccination through the official platform. However, due to the long-term shortage of nine-valent HPV vaccine, it is often "second light" after the number is released, and the huge market has also spawned a large number of "vaccine scalpers".

　　Recently, the reporter of national business daily called the Noah Medical Public Telephone Consultation mentioned above as a consumer. The other party said that the supply of 9-valent HPV vaccine in Guangzhou is tight at present, and only Panyu District has seedlings for the time being, but individuals can’t go to community hospitals. The secret lies in the "service fee". "If we make an appointment here, the community will also charge a certain fee, which is included in the reservation price of 3,000 yuan."

　　The reporter also noticed that the "vaccine scalpers" who provide the booking service are rampant on different social platforms. How can they use invisible hands to make profits in the state of "no seedlings" in community medical institutions? How does this gray interest chain around the nine-valent HPV vaccine move the rights and interests of the general public? Who should be responsible for the repeated violations of scalpers?

　　Some private hospitals call it "channel fee", which can be inoculated in community hospitals.

　　Qing Liu hasn’t grabbed the 9-valent HPV vaccine, but she is dubious about the "scalpers" in her circle of friends. According to the picture information sent by the intermediary in the circle of friends, Noah Medical can provide the "Zhenai Women’s Health Management Package" with 2 outpatient visits by gynecologists, 1 ultrasound examination and 1 tooth cleaning maintenance, and give an additional HPV9-valent vaccine (three needles) to make an appointment.

　　On February 23rd, the reporter of national business daily called the contact number on Noah’s medical publicity picture as a consumer, and the other party clearly stated that the supply of 9-valent HPV vaccine in Guangzhou is tight at present, and only Panyu District has seedlings for the time being. Noah’s medical can make an appointment in the community hospital on behalf of the consumer, and the corresponding appointment fee is 3,000 yuan, including three items with a total price of 2,000 yuan. If the appointment is successful, the consumer needs to pay the vaccine fee of 1,331 yuan/needle to the community hospital separately, and the total cost of 3 needles is 3,993 yuan.

　　In the introduction of employees, this service has no "gift" nature — — "In the past, the service fee for our 9-valent HPV vaccine was 3,000 yuan, but some customers felt that the price was more expensive before adjusting it to give away the rest of the items."

　　As if afraid that the reporter didn’t understand, the employee said again, "That is, we will help you to get vaccinated in a community hospital, and you have to pay the (vaccine) fee to the community hospital." When the reporter further asked which community he could go to for vaccination, the other party’s answer was vague, only revealing that one of the community health service centers had a relatively large supply.

　　However, when the reporter inquired about Guangdong official vaccine platform "Yuemiao" and WeChat official account, a community health service center in Panyu District, Guangzhou, he found that it was impossible to make an appointment. After the reporter called, he was told that the application qualification is free and the injection will be charged.

　　Since the community is "seedless", how do private hospitals make appointments? The aforementioned Noah medical staff said that there are very few nine-valent HPV vaccines now, and too many people make appointments. "I can’t make an appointment in a community hospital. If we make an appointment here, the community will have to charge a certain fee, which is included in the appointment price of 3,000 yuan."

　　When the reporter showed that the price was too high, the person said that if you want to enjoy the 9-priced HPV vaccine reservation service at a cheaper price, you can choose another package with a price of 2,500 yuan. The difference from the 3,000-yuan package lies in the different inspection items, but it is still very cost-effective compared with other options in the market.

　　What is the "channel fee" and whose pocket does it fall into? The person did not give a more detailed explanation, only reminded reporters, "Now you go to many institutions outside to make an appointment, and they say that you can get 3 shots, but you can’t guarantee that all 3 shots will be made on time, but we can guarantee it." It also asked reporters when they want to vaccinate, and they can choose the vaccination time relatively freely.

　　On the afternoon of February 24th, national business daily tried to interview Noah Medical, but as of press time, he didn’t get a reply.

　　On February 25th, the reporter called Noah’s medical consultation telephone again as a consumer, and the wiring staff also said that the reason why Noah could help make an appointment for customers was "to operate through institutional channels" and "to cooperate with community hospitals". "If some customers don’t want to pay the appointment fee, they can only queue up slowly by themselves, and there is no such priority (vaccination) service".

　　Alternative "intermediary": bundling medical examination packages

　　In addition to the "intermediary" like Noah Medical, some private medical institutions regard HPV vaccine as a "cash cow" for drainage.

　　In public medical institutions, the price of 9-valent HPV vaccine is 1,318 yuan/piece, and a total of 3,954 yuan is required for three doses. However, in many private hospitals, the vaccination of 9-valent HPV vaccine requires a medical examination package, and the total cost needs 5,000-6,000 yuan.

　　At the beginning of February, the chaos of bundling the "medical examination package" when private hospitals inoculated with the nine-valent HPV vaccine appeared on the hot search. On February 6th, the reporter of national business daily called Beijing Jiahe Women and Children Hospital (hereinafter referred to as "Jiahe Women and Children") for consultation as a consumer, and obtained the link of the nine-valent HPV vaccine medical examination package sent by employees.

　　At that time, the package price was 5680 yuan, of which only two were clearly marked, namely the price of 9-valent HPV vaccine was 3894 yuan (3 needles), and the vaccination fee was 75 yuan; The rest of the price comes from blood routine, urine routine, four items of kidney function, five items of blood lipid, eight items of liver function and four items of virus, and the service fee of gynecologists.

　　On February 6 th, Jiahe women and children 9-valent HPV vaccine physical examination package Image source: Jiahe women and children employees

　　When the reporter asked if the 9-price HPV vaccination service could be purchased separately, Jiahe women and children employees said that "the cost of three shots of vaccination alone (vaccine+vaccination fee+service fee) is 5469 yuan", which is not much different from the price of the bundled medical examination package.

　　On the same day, the reporter also randomly called Beijing Mingde Hospital, Beijing Wuzhou Women and Children Hospital and many other private hospitals that provided 9-priced HPV vaccination services on public comments, and found that these private hospitals can be roughly divided into two categories, one is represented by Jiahe women and children, and the package provided includes a number of medical examination items, and some said that "(other items) can be abandoned, but no refund can be made"; The other category, represented by Beijing Mingde Hospital, clearly indicates that the package price only includes the cost of 9-valent HPV vaccine, vaccination and service fees, and does not include other testing services.

　　In addition, some hospitals are similar to Noah Medical, and the package fee includes the appointment fee. The difference is that they also provide vaccination directly.

　　On February 23rd, the reporter of national business daily clicked on the package link of Jiahe women and children again. The original package content was replaced by the cost of 3 shots of vaccine, vaccination fee and doctor service fee. The total package price was 5369 yuan, but the items were not clearly marked.

　　The reporter’s search for "9-valent HPV vaccine" in the public comment also found that no longer merchants package and sell 9-valent HPV vaccine with other physical examination items, but the price of 3-needle vaccination is still between 5,000 yuan and 6,000 yuan, which is 50% more expensive than that of public hospitals.

　　Cracking the "yellow cattle" needs to start from two aspects: open source and supervision.

　　The contradiction between supply and demand of HPV vaccine has a long history. The data shows that the 9-valent HPV vaccine supplied by Merck to China is increasing every year. According to the semi-annual report of Zhifei Bio in 2022, in the first six months of last year, the number of 9-valent HPV vaccines issued by Merck was 9,298,700, a year-on-year increase of 379.34%.

　　However, according to the age range from 9 to 45, the number of women with HPV vaccine in China may exceed 300 million, and the gap between the vaccine that can be put on the market and the vaccination demand is very wide, and the number of people who can be vaccinated is less than 1% of the total. In addition, the production process of 9-valent HPV vaccine is complicated, and the production cycle takes four years, so it is difficult to keep up with the huge demand in China in a short time.

　　Earlier, some media reported that some citizens in Shanghai made an appointment for a 9-valent HPV vaccine and were told to wait for 3 to 5 years.

　　"It is a situation where there are not enough porridge, and there are less than 10 million in total. Some communities may have 10 branches and 8 branches a month, but the reservation platform is for the whole province, even if there is no ‘ Cattle ’ It is also a second light. " An industry insider familiar with the vaccine distribution mechanism told national business daily that the high demand for 9-valent HPV vaccine is just like the train ticket in Spring Festival travel rush, mainly due to the imbalance between supply and demand. As for why private hospitals seem to have more stocks, it is mainly because the price is expensive and there are relatively few people to vaccinate.

　　Because of this, some school-age women will choose high-priced services. According to the data of the first hour of the pre-sale of Tmall double 11 in 2022, the pre-sale amount of HPV vaccine reservation increased by over 600% year-on-year.

　　It is also the huge demand of young women for nine-valent vaccine that provides huge profit space for cattle. This situation has been reported in recent years, but why is it repeatedly banned? Where did the scalper exploit the loophole?

　　"Now I use the ID card to make an appointment with the APP, and the data is in the CDC. It is estimated that it is to prevent related households and scalpers." A doctor from a basic medical institution told the reporter of national business daily that the supply and demand of nine-valent vaccine in his area are relatively balanced, and all the people who want to fight can basically grab the number. The "yellow cattle" still exist in some places where vaccines are difficult to grab. The "channel fee" is basically the same as that of a 3-needle vaccine. The "scalper" is profitable and definitely willing to take risks. Some people don’t want to wait, but they are definitely willing to pay a high price to "go through the back door".

　　The doctor of another county-level hospital told reporters that the supply of 9-valent or even 4-valent vaccines in his area is in short supply. The hospital has received an appointment system before, but it has not been publicly launched because of the small number of vaccines. At present, it still continues the tradition of paper registration. The appointment only needs to leave the name and phone number. After the CDC issues the vaccine, the hospital will call the appointment person in the order of appointment to inform them to come to the hospital for vaccination.

　　It is not difficult to find that online data of this paper appointment and vaccination results are difficult to get through. Even if there is no appointment, as long as accurate identity information is input when vaccination, the vaccination information will also be synchronized to the vaccine platform developed by the Health and Health Commission, leaving more room for "yellow cattle".

　　The doctor also said that he had heard that some people were doing this business in big cities, but no one had done it in the county, "because there are too few seedlings."

　　The reporter of national business daily learned that many regions are exploring a more scientific, fair and open vaccine distribution mechanism. At present, most regions make an appointment to vaccinate HPV vaccine through APP, but users can only see whether each region has a number, and if they don’t grab the number, they have to wait for the next round. They don’t know how many vaccines can be grabbed or how many people are grabbing it.

　　At the "two sessions" in Shanghai in 2022, Chen Songju, a representative of the Municipal People’s Congress, suggested that the scientific management mechanism of HPV vaccination should be standardized, and the appointments of community vaccination clinics with various prices should be included in the "follow-the-bid" online platform, and personal review materials should be submitted online to generate an appointment demand list. At the same time, the progress can be checked, such as how many people are waiting in line and the estimated waiting time for vaccination. She also suggested that the development and investment of HPV vaccine should be increased, and the dosage and vaccination data of HPV vaccine in community clinics in this city should be regularly publicized.

　　Xu Tianyu from the College of Science and Technology of Jiangxi Normal University suggested that it is urgent to realize "vaccine freedom" from two aspects: "open source" and "supervision". On the one hand, the number of HPV vaccines needs to be increased. In addition to imported vaccines, the research and development of domestic HPV vaccines needs to be accelerated, so as to solve the dilemma of "one vaccine is hard to find" as soon as possible. On the other hand, the market supervision administration should standardize management, strictly investigate the source channels of vaccines and standardize the sales channels of vaccines. Only in this way can we break the interest chain of bundled sales.

　　　　　　 CCTV News:Recently, news that parents’ huge deposits have been brushed off by minors rewarding live webcasts and buying game equipment has occurred one after another, and many of them have caused disputes between parents and online platforms.

　　　　　　 In mid-November, Master Wang, who lives near Chanba, the eastern suburb of Xi ‘an, found that his son was fascinated by online games and quietly took more than 70,000 yuan from his parents’ mobile phones. In a rage, Master Wang confiscated the child’s mobile phone and found that the child hid the game program in order not to let the parents know. From the bill expenditure, we can see that there are three kinds of mobile games, namely "Ball Fight", "the glory of the king" and "Soul Tearing". Basically, hundreds of dollars are swiped out every ten minutes, and 77,000 yuan is swiped out from the mobile phones of myself and my wife in just 20 days.

　　　　　　 At the end of August this year, a 9-year-old girl in Zhejiang also spent more than 10,000 yuan in her mother’s credit card because she was obsessed with online games. Ms. Wang, the parent: "I don’t know what is deducted from the credit card. I said, what is this?" When my son saw it, he said that my little sister had played with Mini World for more than 10,000 times. As soon as I opened the door, I fainted there. "

　　　　　　 From the list of Alipay, this kind of transaction called mini-coin was very frequent in August, and sometimes it was successful for five or six times in two or three minutes, from 25 yuan and 50 yuan to 500 yuan and 1000 yuan. The expense of the daughter playing games makes this single-parent family, whose eldest son is suffering from a brain tumor and financial difficulties, even worse. In desperation, Ms. Wang, the mother, had to ask the local media and legal professionals to help contact the game company to discuss the refund.

　　　　　　 Gu Weichao, a practicing lawyer, said: "For example, a 10-year-old child in this case buys expensive games, which is obviously inconsistent with her age. Because she is a person with limited capacity for civil conduct, the relevant behavior should be recognized by the legal guardian before it becomes legally effective. For example, in this case, the parents do not recognize her trading behavior. In fact, it is an invalid legal act, and the relevant transaction-related institutions should return it. "

　　　　　　 [Complex procedures for obtaining evidence and verifying refund are full of twists and turns]

　　　　　　 Although lawyers believe that the relevant institutions should refund the transactions made by minors with limited capacity for civil conduct without the approval of their legal guardians, when Ms. Wang contacted media reporters in Taizhou, Zhejiang Province to help negotiate with the game company, she found that it was not a simple matter to get back the money that had been spent.

　　　　　　 After the reporter contacted the game platform on the spot and helped Ms. Wang send proof of identity, bills and other evidence to the platform through the mailbox, on October 15, the platform deposited more than 2,900 yuan into Ms. Wang’s account, which is far from what Ms. Wang said.

　　　　　　 Customer service staff of the game platform: "We have verified that it is 2182.32 yuan, and some of it is with the game anchor. We have divided it into 3, 7 or 4, 6. We have already expedited it. We will contact the anchor and it is estimated that it will take a month to handle it."

　　　　　　 The reporter also helped Ms. Wang carefully calculate the game consumption again and found that her little daughter’s game consumption in August should be 10015.81 yuan. Subsequently, the reporter contacted Shenzhen Mini Play Technology Co., Ltd., the developer of Mini World game, by telephone, requesting confirmation and verification of the game recharge amount of Ms. Wang’s youngest daughter.

　　　　　　 "Mini World" customer service staff: "If he needs to apply for a refund, he needs to contact the platform. Where does the platform mean? One of the things that help him check here is the mobile phone platform. Refund has a process. If the parents of the player need to refund, they need to contact the platform directly."

　　　　　　 Customer service staff of mobile phone platform: "In this respect, you can also provide your email address to us, and we can record it and give you a feedback."

　　　　　　 After two or three round-trip negotiations, the mobile phone customer service staff agreed to tell Ms. Wang the email number, and Ms. Wang sent the relevant information to the mobile phone platform company through the reporter. Fortunately, after learning about the difficult situation of Ms. Wang’s family, the game developer of Mini World said that it would try its best to coordinate the refund and other related matters for this special recharge event.

　　　　　　 Manager Li, head of the public relations department of Shenzhen Mini Play Technology Co., Ltd.: "Because it is a special plot, and then this parent is really poor, that is to say, we can help to drive the partners to help, and everyone can drive this thing together."

　　　　　　 [Expert Interpretation: Why is it so difficult to get a refund? 】

　　　　　　 In this incident, due to the special circumstances of Ms. Wang’s family, the time for refund was greatly shortened. However, in many other similar incidents, although many parents also chose to report to the police or negotiate with the online platform, the difficulty in obtaining evidence and verifying it made their road of asking for money long.

　　　　　　 In an online news titled "An 11-year-old girl stole nearly 130,000 savings from her parents, almost all of which were used to reward anchors", it was reported that an 11-year-old girl used her parents’ old mobile phone to watch live webcasts and play games, and secretly brushed away her mother’s savings of 126,000 yuan. After the mother found out, she contacted the platform to ask for a refund, but after getting the phone number of the payee with the help of the lawyer, she called many times but no one answered.

　　　　　　 In the report "A 7-year-old girl recharges 18,000 yuan for playing games: there is no refund channel", a 7-year-old girl used her mother’s mobile phone to play games and recharged 18,000 yuan in two hours. Parents asked the game company for a refund, but at first they got a reply that there was no refund channel for the game. It was not until the incident received media attention that the game company agreed to deal with it.

　　　　　　 According to experts, in these cases, because the minors all used their parents’ mobile phone accounts, the biggest difficulty in refunding is how to prove that the money was really paid by the minors.

　　　　　　 Zhu Wei, a researcher at the Communication Law Center of China University of Political Science and Law: "The first difficulty is how to prove that it is a reward from a minor, because as far as we know, the reason why the platform does not refund parents is that you need to prove whether the money is played by you or by a child; The second difficulty is that even if the platform wants a refund, because the general platform can only get about 50% of the rewards, and the other 50% is given to the anchor, so sometimes the platform can only refund half of the money, then half of it has to be refunded by the anchor. "

　　　　　　 [Multi-factors lead to huge online consumption of minors]

　　　　　　 At the same time of frequent refund disputes, many parents also have such doubts: in the world of online games or live video, why do children spend huge sums of money so easily?

　　　　　　 Take the online game "Mini World" mentioned earlier as an example. Players don’t need to authenticate when recharging the game, but they can recharge and reward as long as they know the payment password. During the inspection of the online video app, the reporter found that most of the software can be registered and logged in quickly by means of mobile phone number, WeChat, Weibo, etc. When rewarding the anchor, it is necessary to recharge the gold coins or diamonds dedicated to the software, and then buy gifts in virtual currency. Generally, you only need to directly use the user name and account registered when downloading software from your smartphone to pay quickly. Even if parents set up a mobile phone that requires password and fingerprint recognition, it is easy to be cracked. Therefore, if parents let their children download live apps or online games on their mobile phones, it is easy for children to spend with their parents’ accounts without their parents’ knowledge.

　　　　　　 When combing the relevant cases, the reporter found that in almost all cases, parents gave their mobile phones to their children, failed to properly keep the payment password, and even opened the secret-free payment function, which caused minors to make huge consumption unconsciously.

　　　　　　 [Multi-party joint efforts to realize the health network for minors]

　　　　　　 During the interview, experts said that guiding minors to make rational online consumption requires the joint efforts of the platform, society and parents in order to truly supervise minors effectively.

　　　　　　 The reporter tested several popular live broadcast software, and found that most of them have settings called youth mode, parental control mode or management tools for minors. After parents choose this setting, they can not only prohibit minors from playing live broadcasts, such as rewarding, recharging and withdrawing cash, but also filter the content watched by minors and control the time of logging in to the platform. In some online games, there are similar anti-addiction system settings. As long as minors register their accounts with their real identity information, the system can supervise the game time and recharge of minors.
At the same time, experts believe that the platform should also inform parents of ways and means to supervise minors’ use of the Internet through more channels and ways in society.

　　　　　　 Zhu Wei, a researcher at the Communication Law Center of China University of Political Science and Law, said: "(The platform) must have an obligation to inform all parents how to exercise such a power. Some people say that they have informed, and they will inform online. Online notification is not enough. It needs offline notification, through billboards, through offline publicity, etc., including the media like us to promote together, in order to better help parents to care for their children and avoid this need for a refund. "

　　　　　　 At the same time, as the most direct guardians of minors, parents should also be familiar with the network rules and strictly follow the relevant laws and regulations in order to truly protect minors.

　　　　　　 Zhu Wei, a researcher at the Communication Law Center of China University of Political Science and Law, said: "The first line of defense to really supervise children is not the platform, not even the law and the government, but the parents! Parents should control their children’s account, and give their children this registration mode that conforms to their identity. Since it is inevitable to contact the Internet, parents should be familiar with the rules of the game. After being familiar with them, use these rules to protect their families and protect their children. "

　　Investment continues to make efforts in making up shortcomings, transformation and upgrading, consumption patterns continue to innovate and develop, the employment situation continues to improve, and the income gap between urban and rural residents continues to narrow … … In the first quarter of this year, with the steady economic and social development, people’s living standards have been continuously improved, and the people’s sense of acquisition, happiness and satisfaction have been continuously enhanced. In the future, with the continuous implementation of various policies to benefit the people and the people, our life will be even better.

　　The investment growth rate rose steadily and the structure continued to be optimized and upgraded.

　　Peng Yongtao, Director of Investment Department of National Bureau of Statistics

　　With the implementation of a series of "stable investment" policies, the growth rate of fixed asset investment in China has steadily rebounded. In the first quarter, the total investment in fixed assets (excluding farmers) was 1,018.71 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 6.3%. At the same time, investment in short-boarding, transformation and upgrading has continued to exert strength, and the investment structure has been continuously optimized. The key role of investment in optimizing the supply structure continues to be highlighted.

　　I. Infrastructure investment has stabilized and rebounded.

　　Since October 2018, the growth rate of national infrastructure investment has continued to pick up, with a year-on-year increase of 4.4% in the first quarter of this year, an increase of 0.6 percentage points over last year.

　　The growth rate of investment in areas related to people’s livelihood has accelerated. In the first quarter, investment in the social sector increased by 14.3% year-on-year, with the growth rate increasing by 4.1 percentage points and 2.4 percentage points respectively from January to February and last year.

　　Second, the investment structure of manufacturing industry continued to be optimized.

　　In the first quarter, manufacturing investment increased by 4.6% year-on-year. Among them, the growth rate of investment in high-tech manufacturing industry has accelerated. In the first quarter, the investment in high-tech manufacturing industry increased by 11.4%, the growth rate was 5.2 percentage points higher than that in January and February, and it was 6.8 percentage points higher than that in all manufacturing industries.

　　The growth trend of transformation and upgrading investment in manufacturing industry is good, which is an important factor to stimulate the growth of manufacturing investment. In the first quarter, the investment in technological transformation of manufacturing industry increased by 16.9%, and the growth rate was 2 percentage points higher than that of last year.

　　Third, the real estate development investment is generally stable.

　　Under the policy of "stabilizing land prices, housing prices and expectations", the real estate market has undergone positive changes, and the main indicators are mostly stable and positive. In the first quarter, investment in real estate development increased by 11.8% year-on-year; The newly started area of real estate increased by 11.9%; The sales area of commercial housing decreased by 0.9%, narrowing the decline by 2.7 percentage points.

　　Fourth, private investment grew steadily.

　　In the first quarter, private investment increased by 6.4% year on year. Among them, investment in the social field increased by 26.6%, and the growth rate was 9.2 percentage points higher than that from January to February; Investment in real estate development increased by 13% and continued to maintain rapid growth.

　　Five, foreign investment and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan businessmen have accelerated.

　　In the first quarter, the investment of foreign enterprises increased by 8.7% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 5.3 percentage points higher than that from January to February. Investment by Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan businessmen increased by 2.8%, 2.8 percentage points higher than that from January to February.

　　6. The growth rate of investment in the eastern, central and western regions has increased.

　　In the first quarter, investment in the eastern region increased by 4.3% year-on-year; Investment in the central region increased by 9.6%; Investment in the western region increased by 7.8%; Investment in Northeast China increased by 2.9%.

　　The consumption potential is released, and the new and old kinetic energy is accelerated.

　　Lin Tao, Director of the Department of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation of the National Bureau of Statistics

　　In the first quarter, China’s consumer goods market was generally stable, the consumption structure continued to be optimized and upgraded, the consumption mode continued to innovate and develop, the conversion of old and new kinetic energy in the consumption field was steadily advanced, and the consumption potential of residents was further released. Consumption remained the first driving force for economic growth.

　　First, consumption continues to play a fundamental role

　　The consumer goods market as a whole maintained steady growth. In terms of nominal growth rate, the total retail sales of consumer goods in the first quarter increased by 8.3% year-on-year. At the same time, domestic consumption continues to play the role of the main engine of economic growth, and the contribution rate of final consumption expenditure to economic growth in the first quarter is 65.1%.

　　Second, the urban and rural consumption structure is optimized, and the rural market is growing rapidly.

　　Driven by the steady growth of residents’ income and the improvement of market expectations, the retail sales of urban consumer goods in the first quarter increased by 8.2% year-on-year, 0.1 percentage point faster than that in the fourth quarter of last year. At the same time, the rural consumption environment continued to improve. In the first quarter, the retail sales of rural consumer goods increased by 9.2% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 1.0 percentage points higher than that of the urban market.

　　Third, the continuous adjustment of commodity structure

　　The sales growth rate of some consumption upgrading products accelerated, and the communication equipment products related to consumption upgrading increased by 10% year-on-year in the first quarter; Cosmetics increased by 10.9%. At the same time, the demand for service consumption is strong. In the first quarter, the national catering revenue increased by 9.6%, which was 1.4 percentage points higher than the retail sales.

　　Fourth, the consumption pattern is constantly innovating.

　　Emerging formats grew rapidly. In the first quarter, the online retail sales of physical goods nationwide increased by 21.0%, which was 12.7 percentage points higher than the total retail sales of social consumer goods. The traditional format grew steadily, with the retail sales of supermarkets and convenience stores above designated size increasing by 7.5% and 10.5% respectively in the first quarter.

　　The new and old formats are integrated and developed. According to estimates, in the first quarter, the retail sales of goods realized by units above designated size through the Internet accounted for 11.3% of the retail sales of consumer goods above designated size, up 0.2 percentage points from the fourth quarter of last year.

　　V. Stable supply of consumer goods market

　　The production of consumer goods industry grew steadily, and the actual growth rate of added value of consumer goods industry remained above 6% in the first quarter; Investment in the consumer sector grew well. In the first quarter, investment in culture, sports and entertainment increased by 22.7%, and investment in education increased by 14.7%. Consumer-related industries are running well, with the average index of non-manufacturing business activities of 54.6% in the first quarter.

　　With the steady growth of residents’ income, tax reduction and fee reduction and the gradual effectiveness of policies to promote consumption, residents’ consumption demand will be further released, the trend of consumption transformation and upgrading will continue, and the consumer market is expected to continue to grow steadily on the whole.

　　The overall price operation was stable, and the production field rose slightly.

　　Zhao Maohong, Director of Urban Department of National Bureau of Statistics

　　Since the beginning of this year, in the case of abundant supply, the price in the consumer sector has risen moderately, the price in the production sector has risen slightly, and the national price operation has been generally stable.

　　First, the price increase in the consumer sector is moderate.

　　In the first quarter, the national CPI (Consumer Price Index) rose by 1.8% compared with the same period of last year, and the growth rate dropped by 0.3 percentage points compared with the same period of last year. From the ring comparison, affected by holiday factors, CPI increased by 0.5% and 1.0% in January and February respectively, and decreased by 0.4% in March after the holiday; From a year-on-year perspective, the CPI rose by 1.7%, 1.5% and 2.3% from January to March, respectively, and the fluctuation of the increase was mainly affected by changes in food prices. The monthly core CPI excluding food and energy prices is 1.9%, 1.8% and 1.8% respectively, with a moderate and stable increase.

　　The increase in food prices slightly expanded. In the first quarter, food prices rose by 2.2%, an increase of 0.2 percentage points over the same period of last year, which affected the CPI increase by about 0.45 percentage points.

　　The increase of non-food prices declined. In the first quarter, non-food prices rose by 1.7%, which was 0.5 percentage points lower than the same period of last year, affecting the CPI increase by about 1.39 percentage points.

　　Second, prices in the production sector rose slightly.

　　The increase in PPI dropped significantly. In the first quarter, the national PPI (ex-factory price index of industrial producers) rose by 0.2% year-on-year, down by 3.5 percentage points compared with the same period of last year and down by 2.1 percentage points compared with the fourth quarter of last year. Among them, the price of means of production changed from 4.9% in the same period last year to flat, which was the main reason for the decline in PPI growth.

　　The prices of most industrial sectors are generally stable. In the first quarter, among the 40 major industries surveyed, the ex-factory prices rose in 29, remained flat in 2 and fell in 9. In most industries, the ex-factory price changes slightly, and in 28 industries, the ex-factory price changes between 2.0%.

　　The ex-factory price of the equipment manufacturing industry is generally stable. Among them, the ex-factory price of general equipment manufacturing rose by 0.9%, the ex-factory price of special equipment manufacturing rose by 0.5%, and the ex-factory price of computer, communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing rose by 0.2%; The ex-factory prices of railways, ships, aerospace and other transportation equipment manufacturing industries are flat.

　　The prices of some means of production have risen. In the first quarter, the international crude oil price rebounded, and the low temperature in some areas led to an increase in heating demand, and the price of energy products rose. Affected by the Spring Festival, from January to February, the market demand for steel and non-ferrous metals was weak and the prices fell. In March, with the concentrated construction of post-holiday infrastructure projects, the demand for steel and non-ferrous metals increased, and the prices of related products went up.

　　The employment situation is basically stable, and the market supply and demand are stable and orderly.

　　Meng Canwen, Deputy Director of the Department of Population and Employment Statistics of the National Bureau of Statistics

　　In the first quarter, affected by the downward pressure of the economy and the Spring Festival, the national urban survey unemployment rose first and then fell. With the continuous efforts of the employment priority policy and a series of measures to stabilize and promote employment, the employment situation in China has remained stable as a whole.

　　First, the national urban survey unemployment rose first and then fell.

　　In the first three months of this year, the national urban survey unemployment rate was 5.1%, 5.3% and 5.2%, respectively, up by 0.1, 0.3 and 0.1 percentage points compared with the same period of last year. Although it rose in February, it fell back in March, and the average monthly rate was lower than the expected target of 5.5%. In January and February, the unemployment rate rose due to the combined influence of economic downward pressure and Spring Festival factors. In March, with the decline of seasonal factors, the weather turned warmer after the holiday, enterprises resumed work, the demand for employment increased, and the proportion of temporary unemployed people who closed down seasonally dropped significantly. By age, the unemployment rate of the main working-age population aged 25 to 59 was below 5% in the first quarter, and the employment situation remained stable as a whole.

　　Second, the demand for employment in enterprises is stable

　　The employment demand of enterprises is generally stable. The key survey on the employment of manufacturing enterprises conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics in six eastern provinces in March shows that enterprises have returned to work well after the Spring Festival, with a return rate of over 90%, and the demand of some enterprises has increased compared with the same period last year.

　　According to the monthly labor force survey data, the average weekly working hours of employees in enterprises in March were 46.0 hours, an increase of 1.1 hours over the previous month and 0.3 hours over the same period last year. The average weekly working hours of all types of enterprises have increased compared with February, and the average weekly working hours of employees in private enterprises have increased by 1.4 hours compared with last month.

　　Third, the supply and demand of the human resources market are basically stable.

　　According to the data of Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, from January to March, 3.24 million people were newly employed in cities and towns, achieving the annual target of 29.5%, 1.17 million unemployed people in cities and towns were re-employed, and 390,000 people with employment difficulties were employed, all of which maintained a high level. In the first quarter, the recruitment ratio of the national human resources market was 1.28, up 0.5 percentage points year-on-year and 0.1 percentage points quarter-on-quarter. The number of recruitment positions was greater than the number of job seekers, and the supply and demand of the human resources market were basically stable.

　　For the first time, the Government Work Report takes the employment priority policy as a macro-control tool, strengthens all aspects to attach importance to employment and support employment orientation, and successively introduces tax relief policies such as reducing the VAT rate and social insurance rate, greatly reducing the business cost of enterprises, fully supporting enterprises to absorb employment, making precise policies for key employment groups, striving to promote employment and entrepreneurship, and ensuring that the employment situation in China remains stable.

　　The income gap is shrinking, and consumer spending is increasing steadily.

　　Wang Youfen, Director of Household Survey Office of National Bureau of Statistics.

　　In the first quarter, the national income continued to grow, keeping pace with the economic growth, showing a trend slightly faster than the economic growth. The income growth of rural residents continues to be faster than that of urban residents, and the income gap between urban and rural residents continues to narrow. Residents’ consumption expenditure grew steadily, while service consumption expenditure grew rapidly.

　　First, residents’ income and economic growth are basically synchronized.

　　In the first quarter, the per capita disposable income of the national residents was 8493 yuan, a nominal increase of 8.7% over the same period of last year. After deducting the price factor, the actual growth rate was 6.8%, which was 0.4 percentage points faster than the GDP growth rate.

　　The income gap between urban and rural residents continues to narrow. In the first quarter, the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 11,633 yuan, an increase of 7.9% (unless otherwise specified), and a real increase of 5.9% after deducting the price factor; The per capita disposable income of rural residents was 4,600 yuan, an increase of 8.8%. After deducting the price factor, the real increase was 6.9%. The actual growth rate of per capita disposable income of rural residents is 1.0 percentage points faster than that of urban residents, and the income gap between urban and rural residents continues to narrow.

　　Wages and transfer income increased steadily, and income from operation and property increased rapidly. In the first quarter, the per capita wage income of the national residents was 4,838 yuan, an increase of 8.7%; The per capita net operating income of the national residents was 1,486 yuan, an increase of 8.3%; The per capita net income of national residents was 721 yuan, an increase of 12.2%, and the growth rate was 1.9 percentage points faster than the same period of last year; The per capita net transfer income of national residents was 1,449 yuan, an increase of 7.3%.

　　Second, the consumption expenditure of residents grew steadily.

　　In the first quarter, the per capita consumption expenditure of the national residents was 5538 yuan, a nominal increase of 7.3% over the same period of last year, and a real increase of 5.4% after deducting the price factor. Among them, the per capita consumption expenditure of urban residents was 7,160 yuan, an increase of 6.1%, and the actual increase was 4.1% after deducting the price factor; The per capita consumption expenditure of rural residents was 3,525 yuan, an increase of 8.7%. After deducting the price factor, the actual increase was 6.8%. The actual growth rate of per capita consumption expenditure of rural residents is 2.7 percentage points faster than that of urban residents.

　　Service consumption expenditure increased rapidly. In the first quarter, the per capita service consumption expenditure of the national residents was 2,329 yuan, an increase of 11.9%, which was faster than the growth rate of per capita consumption expenditure by 4.6 percentage points. Among them, the per capita expenditure on catering services increased by 18.6%; The per capita medical service expenditure increased by 15.7%, mainly due to the further improvement of medical insurance financial subsidy standard, the further expansion of reimbursement drug list, and the convenience of direct settlement of medical treatment in different places. The per capita education expenditure increased by 35.8%, mainly due to the late Spring Festival last year, the delay in the start of school, and the lag of some education expenses, which led to the low number of base periods in the first quarter, thus the education expenditure increased rapidly.

Wang Chuanfu, chairman and president of BYD, announced at BYD’s intelligent strategy conference on the evening of February 10 that the high-level intelligent driving system "Eye of God" was officially released and divided into three versions. Among them, the three-laser version (DiPilot 600) is mainly used for looking up models, the laser version (DiPilot 300) is mainly used for Tengshi and BYD models, and the three-eye version (DiPilot 100) is mainly used for BYD models. (Securities Times)

Shanghai Port Container Terminal, Anji County, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province. Xinhua news agency

Fuzhou Airport Port ushered in a small peak of inbound and outbound passenger flow during Spring Festival travel rush. Xinhua news agency

Villagers in Rong ‘an County, Liuzhou City, Guangxi Province show kumquat just picked. Xinhua news agency

In the body workshop of BMW Brilliance Dadong Factory in Shenyang, the robot arm is manufacturing the body. Xinhua news agency

Qingdao Port Fully Automated Terminal (Phase II) was put into operation. Xinhua news agency

The new year market in Kunming, Yunnan is booming. Xinhua news agency

The staff in Yiwu China Import Commodity City put the imported red wine that has just arrived. Xinhua news agency

　　[Economic Interface]

　　Time flies like a blink. Looking back on 2019, there are too many people, too many things and too many important moments in my memory. The grand celebration of the 70th anniversary of the founding of New China seems to be yesterday, and 2020 has passed more than 20 days and nights. Looking back at the crucial year of 2019, there are many dimensions and perspectives. Not long ago, the centralized release of China’s annual economic report data made us discover a special way of memory — — Digital memory. This year, a series of iconic economic data were born in the sweat, showing the elegance of China, the strength of China and the spirit of China in a unique way.

　　The data is silent and rich in connotation. It tells the world, in a rational and rigorous way, what confidence and strength we have towards the first century-long goal of the Chinese nation.

　　Break through! These data freeze the moment when economic powers leap to a new level.

　　[Scene] On the morning of January 17th, 2020, the press conference hall of the State Council Information Office, No.11 West Chang ‘an Avenue, Beijing. Chinese and foreign journalists gathered, and reporters were already there at 8: 30. As soon as the official release time was 10: 00, a shocking message immediately spread all over the world through various new media platforms — — "heavy! China’s per capita GDP exceeded $10,000. " At the end of the press conference, it was nearly 12 noon, and reporters rushed to the front again, surrounded by Ning Ji Zhe, director of the National Bureau of Statistics, who still had many questions to answer.

　　Data 1

　　The per capita gross domestic product (GDP) has exceeded $10,000 — — Per capita GDP is the main index to compare the economic development level of various countries. Crossing this node, the income level, consumption structure, market scale and innovation conditions of a country’s residents will all reach a new level.

　　Data 2

　　6.1%— — In 2019, China’s GDP reached 99,086.5 billion yuan, close to 100 trillion yuan. Calculated at comparable prices, it increased by 6.1% over the previous year, in line with the expected target of 6%-6.5%.

　　Data 3

　　30733 yuan — — In 2019, the per capita disposable income of the national residents was 30,733 yuan, an increase of 8.9% over the previous year, and it exceeded 30,000 yuan for the first time. The growth rate was 0.2 percentage points faster than that of the previous year; After deducting the price factor, the real growth rate was 5.8%, which was basically in sync with the economic growth and roughly the same as the per capita GDP growth.

　　In 2019, China’s per capita GDP has exceeded $10,000, which is higher than the average level of upper-middle-income countries. "This not only means that China’s economic aggregate is constantly expanding, but also shows that the quality of China’s economic development is steadily improving and people’s lives are constantly improving, which not only lays a solid foundation for China to achieve a well-off society in an all-round way this year, but also makes our due contribution to the development and progress of all mankind. It has important symbolic significance. " Ning Ji Zhe said.

　　According to the data of the World Bank, the population of countries with a per capita GDP of more than $10,000 in 2018 is about 1.5 billion. As China, with a total population of 1.4 billion, steps into the ranks of countries with a per capita GDP of more than US$ 10,000, the population of countries in this ranks will be close to 3 billion. Of the more than 7 billion people in the world, due to China’s entry, the per capita GDP of 3 billion people has reached more than 10,000 US dollars. This is a great progress in human economic and social development, and also a contribution made by China as a developing and emerging economy to the world. Therefore, doing a good job in China is a contribution to the world.

　　Although per capita GDP and per capita disposable income are not the same concept, from the data point of view, "in 2019, the per capita disposable income of Chinese residents exceeded 30,000 yuan, which laid a good foundation for building a well-off society in an all-round way in 2020." Ning Ji Zhe said.

　　In 2019, China’s GDP grew by 6.1%, ranking first among the major economies in the world and ranking first among the economies with more than US$ 1 trillion.

　　From a global perspective, according to the forecast of Global Economic Outlook published by the World Bank in January 2020, the economy of high-income countries will grow by 1.7% and that of developing countries by 3.7% in 2019; Among them, the United States grew by 2.3%, the euro zone by 1.1%, Japan by 1.1%, Brazil by 1.1%, Russia by 1.2%, India by 5.0% and South Africa by 0.4%. Under the complicated situation of obvious increase in external risk challenges, China’s economy has maintained steady growth, showing strong resilience.

　　From the historical coordinates, this is a landmark data in the 70 years since the founding of New China. In 1952, China’s total GDP was only 67.9 billion yuan. In 1986, it exceeded the trillion yuan mark, in 2000 it exceeded the 10 trillion yuan mark, and in 2010 it surpassed Japan to become the second largest economy in the world. Since the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, the total GDP has reached 70 trillion yuan, 80 trillion yuan and 90 trillion yuan in five years, and it is close to 100 trillion yuan in 2019, contributing about 30% to the world economic growth.

　　At the same time, Ning Ji Zhe emphasized that we should also be soberly aware that the basic national conditions of China, which is in the primary stage of socialism for a long time, have not changed, and the problems of China’s large population, underdeveloped productive forces and inadequate development imbalance are still outstanding. China’s international status as the largest developing country in the world has not changed. To build China into a modern socialist country and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we need to work hard for a long time.

Warm heart! These data confirm that building a well-off society in an all-round way is closer to us.　

　　[Story] As the Spring Festival approaches, Ma Baoyin, a 61-year-old villager from Longerze Village, Gankunwan Town, Yanchuan County, Shaanxi Province, is about to usher in the first Lunar New Year in his spacious and bright new house. In May 2019, Yan ‘an bid farewell to absolute poverty as Yanchuan and Yichuan, the last two poverty-stricken counties in the revolutionary holy land of Yan ‘an, withdrew from poverty. The "two guarantees and three guarantees" for poor people in Yan ‘an have been basically realized, the rural infrastructure has been comprehensively improved, and 2.26 million people in the old liberated areas have started a new life towards a well-off society in an all-round way. Xue Zhanhai, Mayor of Yan ‘an, said that the focus of Yan ‘an’s poverty alleviation has shifted to the consolidation and promotion of poverty alleviation achievements, ensuring that no one is left behind and no one is left behind on the road to a well-off life in the old areas.

　　Data 1

　　11.09 million — — According to the latest statistics, another 11.09 million rural poor people have been lifted out of poverty, with more than 10 million people lifted out of poverty for seven consecutive years. According to the current poverty standards, by the end of 2019, the rural poor population had dropped to 5.51 million.

　　Data 2

　　More than 60% for the first time & mdash; — By the end of 2019, the proportion of urban resident population in the total population had reached 60.6%, exceeding 60% for the first time, which is a landmark data for China’s industrialization and urbanization.

　　Data 3

　　Four declines — — In 2019, China’s energy consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP decreased by 2.6% compared with the previous year, and the Engel coefficient of the national residents decreased by 0.2 percentage points compared with the previous year, which decreased for eight consecutive years; The average concentration of PM2.5 in cities below the standard level and above decreased by 2.4% compared with the previous year, and the micro leverage ratio continued to decline steadily.

　　In 2019, faced with the complicated situation that risks and challenges at home and abroad have increased significantly, the China Municipal Government unswervingly implemented the new development concept, made great efforts to fight three tough battles, and handed over the report card of steady progress, laying a more solid foundation for building a well-off society in an all-round way. Han Wenxiu, deputy director of the Office of the Central Financial and Economic Committee, said that from the 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China to the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and then to the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, we have always taken this as a strategic goal. After decades of struggle, decisive progress has been made in building a well-off society in an all-round way. It should be said that the achievements in building a well-off society in an all-round way are even better than originally expected.

　　In 2019, the intensity, depth and accuracy of China’s poverty alleviation work reached a new level, and the funds, projects and initiatives in deep poverty-stricken areas increased; Industry, employment, education, health and poverty alleviation have been solidly promoted, and about 340 poverty-stricken counties across the country have taken off their hats; The task of ex situ poverty alleviation and relocation in the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" was basically completed.

　　According to the National New Urbanization Plan published by the State Council in 2014, the urbanization rate of permanent residents will reach about 60% in 2020. This also means that the urbanization rate of permanent residents will reach 60% one year ahead of schedule in 2019. Experts pointed out that with the urbanization rate exceeding 60%, China’s urbanization will gradually enter the second half and the second urbanization stage. Compared with the flow of population from township to city in the process of primary urbanization, secondary urbanization is the flow between cities, from small and medium-sized cities to central cities and metropolises.

　　According to the data of 2019, the contribution rate of final consumption expenditure to economic growth reached nearly 60%, and consumption played a fundamental role in China’s economic development, which was the first driving force for China’s economic growth. Quality, personalization and diversified consumption are active, and products such as wearable smart devices and smart household appliances are growing rapidly. Communication equipment and cosmetics products increased by 8.5% and 12.6% respectively.

　　This year’s economic work should focus on the advantages, focus on key points, fill shortcomings, strong and weak items, accurately fill the shortcomings of building a well-off society in an all-round way, and ensure the successful conclusion of building a well-off society in an all-round way. "Han Wenxiu said.

　　Wang Changlin, president of China Macroeconomic Research Institute, believes that China has many advantages and favorable conditions for moving towards a high-quality stage, and at the same time, it is facing some "worries" of growth and happiness. High-quality development is the development that can well meet the people’s growing needs for a better life, the development that embodies the new development concept, the development that innovation becomes the first driving force, coordination becomes the endogenous feature, green becomes the universal form, openness becomes the only way, and sharing becomes the fundamental purpose, that is, the development that pursues a happy life.

Breathe! These data mark a new stage of high quality development.

　　【 Story 】 On the afternoon of January 7th, the delivery ceremony of the first batch of social car owners of Model3 made in China was held in Tesla Giga Shanghai, which is located in Shanghai’s harbor. On the afternoon of January 7th, one year ago, Tesla Giga Shanghai officially started construction in Lingang Industrial Zone. From a wasteland, the first new car went off the assembly line, and then a batch of new cars went on the market, the construction of Tesla Giga Shanghai exceeded expectations.

　　Data 1

　　Break through 1 million — — In 2019, 41,000 foreign-funded enterprises were newly established, with an average of 112 established daily. By the end of last year, the number of foreign-funded enterprises in China had exceeded 1 million, reaching 1,001,377, which was of symbolic significance in the process of utilizing foreign capital and even opening up to the outside world.

　　Data 2

　　"Three consecutive rises" — — In 2019, the R&D investment intensity of the top 500 manufacturing enterprises in China was 2.14%, achieving the "three consecutive increases" since 2016. In 2019, there are about 20,000 newly registered enterprises every day, and the number of unicorn enterprises, gazelle enterprises and fortune 500 enterprises is increasing every year, with the number of invention patents per 10,000 population reaching 13.3.

　　Data 3

　　The first main body — — In 2019, the proportion of import and export of private enterprises rose to 43.3%, and private enterprises became the largest subject for the first time, of which exports accounted for 51.9%, and more than half of the exports were undertaken by private enterprises.

　　Qian Keming, Vice Minister of Commerce, pointed out that Shanghai Tesla has created the "China Speed" in less than one year from its establishment to mass production. In 2019, China actually utilized 941.5 billion yuan of foreign capital, an increase of 5.8%, and established more than 40,000 foreign-funded enterprises, maintaining its position as the second largest foreign capital inflow country. There were many large-scale projects, with 834 foreign-funded projects above $100 million, an increase of 15.8%; The structure of foreign capital continued to be optimized, and high-tech industries used 266 billion yuan of foreign capital, up by 25.6%, accounting for 28.3%.

　　On January 20, 2020, the Global Investment Trend Monitoring Report released by UNCTAD revealed that the global cross-border direct investment (FDI) was 1.39 trillion US dollars last year, down by 1%.

　　"In 2019, under the conditions of slowing global economic growth, sluggish cross-border investment, increased uncertainty in the international environment, and intensified competition for foreign investment in various countries, China achieved contrarian growth in attracting foreign investment." Zong Changqing, director of the Foreign Investment Department of the Ministry of Commerce, said that the scale of China’s utilization of foreign capital reached a record high last year, ranking first among developing countries and second in the world. Last year, a series of laws, regulations and policies such as the new foreign investment law, 20 regulations on stabilizing foreign investment in the State Council, and the new negative list of foreign investment access were promulgated and implemented continuously, which continuously optimized the business environment and played a "combination boxing" to stabilize foreign investment, effectively stabilizing foreign investment expectations and boosting investment confidence. Samsung, SK Hynix, Corning Display, Caterpillar, Ineos, Panasonic, ExxonMobil and other international manufacturing giants have increased their investment in China, and the actual investment in the whole year exceeded 100 million US dollars. This has played a positive role in promoting China’s supply-side structural reform, making up for the shortcomings of industrial upgrading and increasing the supply of high-quality goods and services.

　　At present, China’s innovation-driven transformation is accelerating, enterprise innovation activities are becoming increasingly active, and innovation-driven development momentum is dynamic in generate. Structural optimization and upgrading are accelerating, new formats and new models are emerging, and 5G commercialization is officially launched. In the first 11 months of last year, 126,000 base stations have been built, forming hundreds of innovative application scenarios in transportation, medical care and other industries.

　　In recent years, the whole country has implemented the new development concept, gathering wisdom, strength and energy, and mass entrepreneurship and innovation are surging. New scientific and technological achievements are constantly emerging. Last year, Chang ‘e 4 successfully landed on the back of the moon, Xuelong 2 made its maiden voyage to the South Pole, and the first domestic aircraft carrier was officially installed. In 2019, China ranked 14th in the global innovation index, up 3 places from the previous year. New kinetic energy and new industries grew, and the added value of industrial strategic new industries and high-tech manufacturing industries increased by 8.8% and 8.4% respectively. The retail sales of online goods increased by 19.3%, and digital economy, network economy, platform economy, sharing economy and intelligent economy flourished in China.

　　Wang Yiming, deputy director of the State Council Development Research Center, said that high-quality development is a development that embodies the new development concept, and it is necessary to achieve a higher level, better structure, more efficient, fairer and more sustainable development. It is necessary to promote "five changes": First, from "quantity catching up" to "quality catching up"; Second, from "scale expansion" to "structural upgrading"; Third, from "factor-driven" to "innovation-driven"; The fourth is to shift from "unbalanced distribution" to "inclusive"; The fifth is to shift from "gray growth" to "green appreciation". To promote the "five transformations", we should open up "six paths", namely, strengthening market functions, upgrading the level of industrial chain, enhancing the original innovation ability, upgrading human capital, promoting green transformation and improving the efficiency of space resource allocation.